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Table 4 Univariate (ANOVA) Associations Between Parent-Reported Dental Hygiene, Preventive Dental Care, Parent-Assessed Dental Health, and Markers of Systemic Inflammation

From: Self-reported dental hygiene, obesity, and systemic inflammation in a pediatric rural community cohort

  

Marker of Systemic Inflammation*

(Mean ± SD)

Dental Hygiene Habits

Flossing

(2-6 Times Weekly vs. Weekly or Less)

GLP-1 (pg/mL)

13.1 ± 7.3 vs. 22.1 ± 25.8

p = 0.079

  

Resistin (pg/mL)

2.6e4 ± 9.4e4 vs. 3.6e4 ± 1.7e4

p = 0.043

Dental Health Preventive Care

Preventive Care

(Every 6 Months vs. Annually or Less)

IFN-γ (pg/mL)

25.6 ± 78.7 vs. 111.5 ± 269.6

p = 0.062

  

IL-10 (pg/mL)

10.4 ± 10.0 vs. 22.1 ± 40.6

p = 0.079

  

MPO (pg/mL)

8.9e3 ± 4.4e3 vs. 1.8e4 ± 2.4e4

p = 0.013

  

TNF-α (pg/mL)

3.6 ± 1.9 vs.8.4 ± 13.2

p = 0.013

Parent-Assessed Dental Health

Overall Health

(Excellent or Very Good vs. Poor - Good)

e-Selectin (pg/mL)

38.9 ± 13.8 vs. 48.3 ± 18.6

p = 0.021

  

Haptoglobin (ng/mL)

1.4e6 ± 8.0e5 vs. 9.0e5 ± 5.0e5

p = 0.004

  

IL-1α (pg/mL)

983.1 ± 1169.1 vs. 514.6 ± 596.8

p = 0.057

  

IL-6 (pg/mL)

31.7 ± 37.4 vs. 17.1 ± 23.9

p = 0.061

  

IL-8 (pg/mL)

11.7 ± 12.2 vs. 6.5 ± 5.2

p = 0.029

  

MIP-1α (pg/mL)

86.4 ± 79.3 vs. 50.1 ± 47.6

p = 0.038

  

sVCAM-1 (pg/mL)

1674.5 ± 423.7 vs. 1914.9 ± 463.9

p = 0.028

  

tPAI-1 (pg/mL)

10125.3 ± 5469.7 vs. 14741.6 ± 8404.4

p = 0.008

  

VEGF (pg./mL)

167.8 ± 138.0 vs. 98.7 ± 134.9

p = 0.094

  1. *Abbreviations for markers of systemic inflammation: GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1); IFN-γ (interferon-gamma); IL (interleukin); MPO (myeloperoxidase); TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha); MIP-1α (macrophage inflammation protein-1-alpha); sVCAM-1 (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1); tPAI-1 (tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1); VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)