Figure 5

Biofilm formation by S. sanguinis and A. naeslundii in the presence of saliva over 2- and 14-hours on the smooth titanium surfaces. (a) Graphs showing the mean ± sd of biofilm volume generated from three independent sets of experiments. SG (sol-gel derived nanoporous TiO₂ coated), HT (heat-treated), TU (turned) and OC (anodically oxidized and Ca²⁺ incorporated). No significant differences were seen between the surfaces at each time point. (b) Representative images from CSLM of two- and 14-hour biofilms visualized with 16S rRNA FISH using oligonucleotide probes targeting Streptococcus sanguinis (STR493 - green) and all bacteria (EUB338 - red). Since both the red EUB338 and the green STR493 probe were taken up by S. sanguinis, the cells appear yellow whereas A. naeslundii which incorporates only the EUB338 probe appears red. The scale bars represent 25 μm.