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Table 4 Results from multivariable analysis examining geographic variation in dental procedures among 0-18 year old children enrolled in DDWI from 2002-2008 and the impact of ZIP code level poverty

From: Rural–urban differences in dental service use among children enrolled in a private dental insurance plan in Wisconsin: analysis of administrative data

 

Ref. Group$

Impact of Poverty+

Impact of Poverty+

Impact of Poverty+

Impact of Poverty+

Impact of Poverty+

Impact of Poverty+

 

Inner-city Milwaukee

Rural 1

Rural 2

Rural 3

Urban

Suburban Milwaukee

 

Diagnostic

1.00 a

1.20 (1.12-1.29) b

1.26 (1.17-1.36) bc

1.27 (1.16-1.38) bc

1.26 (1.17-1.36) bc

1.25 (1.15-1.36) c

0.95 (0.94- 0.96)

Preventive

1.00 a

1.29 (1.17- 1.42) b

1.37 (1.24- 1.52) bc

1.45 (1.28- 1.63) c

1.38 (1.25- 1.52) c

1.40 (1.25-1.57) bc

0.93 (0.92- 0.94)

Simple Restorative

1.00 a

1.71 (1.53-1.91) b

1.59(1.41-1.79)b

1.51 (1.31-1.73) bc

1.37 (1.21-1.54) c

1.30 (1.14-1.48) c

1.01 (1.00- 1.03)

Complex Restorative

1.00 a

2.13 (1.68- 2.71) b

1.44 (1.10- 1.88) ac

1.29 (0.95- 1.75) ac

1.51 (1.17- 1.96) c

1.39 (1.04- 1.87) ac

1.20 (1.15- 1.25)

Endodontic

1.00 a

1.90 (1.53- 2.35) b

1.33 (1.05- 1.68) a

1.26 (0.97- 1.65) a

1.39 (1.11- 1.74) a

1.20 (0.93- 1.55) a

1.14 (1.10- 1.19)

Extractions

1.00 a

1.75 (1.53- 2.00) b

1.52 (1.31-1.75) c

1.50 (1.27-1.77) c

1.58 (1.37- 1.81) c

1.51 (1.29-1.77) c

0.99 (0.96-1.03)

  1. $ Reference group; + Rate Ratios for change in average number of procedures with a 2-fold (log transformed) increase in ZIP code poverty level across all AHEC regions.
  2. a, b, c, ac, bc- Groups in a row sharing the same letter are not statistically significantly different based on p-values (p < 0.05) adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Tukey-Kramer method.