Social capital and dental pain in Brazilian northeast: a multilevel cross-sectional study

BMC Oral Health

Table 3 Multilevel logistic regression of the association between social capital and dental pain

	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 3^c	Model 4^d	Model 5^e
Explanatory variables	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
*Individual-level variables*
Age group (Reference: Adolescents)
Adults			0.70 (0.44-1.11)	0.69 (0.43-1.10)	0.79 (0.47-1.33)
Elderly			0.31 (0.13-0.72)	0.33 (0.14-0.80)	0.81 (0.30-2.15)
Sex (Reference: Male)
Female			1.48 (1.00-2.21)	1.34 (0.89-2.02)	1.53 (0.97-2.41)
Years of schooling (Reference: ≥ 9)
5-8			1.68 (1.09-2.58)	1.94 (1.25-3.03)	1.45 (0.89-2.37)
≤ 4			2.37 (1.35-4.17)	2.70 (1.51-4.81)	1.33 (0.69-2.57)
Utilization of dental care (Reference: No)
Yes				3.61 (0.46-28.22)	5.69 (0.49-66.1)
Last dental visit (Reference: <1 year)
≥ 1 year(s)				0.57 (0.38-0.86)	0.46 (0.29-0.72)
Never				0.55 (0.09-3.37)	0.34 (0.04-2.61)
Self-perceived oral health (Reference: Excellent/good)
Fair/Poor/Very Poor					1.93 (1.18-3.15)
Number of decayed teeth					1.24 (1.16-1.31)
*Individual-level social capital*
Bonding/Positive Interaction^f		0.87 (0.82-0.90)	0.88 (0.82-0.92)	0.88 (0.82-0.90)	0.88 (0.80-0.91)
Bridging/Relatives (Reference: ≥ 1)
No		1.53 (0.84-2.77)	1.50 (0.81-2.75)	1.54 (0.83-2.84)	1.60 (0.81-3.16)
*Neighborhood-level social capital* (Reference: Low)
Moderate social capital	0.88 (0.58-1.34)	0.87 (0.57-1.33)	0.85 (0.55-1.30)	0.82 (0.53-1.28)	0.73 (0.42-1.26)
High social capital	0.62 (0.39-0.96)	0.61 (0.39-0.96)	0.59 (0.37-0.93)	0.57 (0.35-0.90)	0.48 (0.27-0.85)

^aModel 1 Unadjusted; ^bModel 2, Model 1 plus adjustment for Individual-level social capital variables; ^cModel 3, Model 2 plus adjustment for socio-demographic confounders (age group, sex, schooling); ^dModel 4, Model 3 plus adjustment for dental services mediators (use of dental services, last dental visit), ^eModel 5, Model 4 plus adjustment for oral health mediators (self-perceived oral health, number of decayed teeth) ^fBonding social capital: OR estimates assessed by 10-points increase.

ISSN: 1472-6831