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Table 2 Contrast and agreement [percent agreement (PA), and Cohen’s kappa and 95% confidence limits (CL * )] of caregivers’ responses between the three ‘old’ and ‘new’ Social Desirability Bias (SDB)-modulating items pertaining to child oral health-related behaviors

From: A cross sectional study examining social desirability bias in caregiver reporting of children’s oral health behaviors

 

Old item: Do you clean or brush your child’s gums/teeth every day?

 

Old item: Do you use toothpaste when brushing your child’s teeth?

 

Old item: Was your child fed with a bottle?

New item : How often did you help your child brush their gums/teeth?

Yes

No

New item: Used toothpaste with fluoride to clean child’s teeth

Yes

No

New item: How often was your child fed with a bottle?

Yes

No

Does not need help

7

0

Yes

66

6

More than 1 night/week

81

4

At least 2 times/day

45

1

No

5

16

Never

0

11

Once a day

20

2

      

Less than once a day

12

6

      

Once a week

5

0

      
 

PA = 78%

 

PA = 88%

 

PA = 95%

 

Kappa (95% CL) = 0.25 (0.04-0.46)

 

Kappa (95% CL) = 0.67 (0.49-0.85)

 

Kappa (95% CL) = 0.83 (0.68-0.99)

  1. *obtained with bootstrapping (n = 10,000 repetitions); †to enable the calculation of PA and kappa from a 2x2 table the question was converted to a binary item where: “at least 2 times/day” and “once a day” corresponded to “yes” and “does not need help”, “less than once a day” and “once a week” corresponded to “no”.