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Table 3 Prevalence, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for preventive dental care use

From: Income-related inequalities in preventive and curative dental care use among working-age Japanese adults in urban areas: a cross-sectional study

  

Men (n = 1494)

 

Women (n = 1589)

 

%

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR* (95% CI)

%

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR* (95% CI)

Total

24.1

    

34.1

    

Income quartiles

 

p < 0.001

p = 0.001

 

p = 0.003

p = 0.126

 

1 (lowest)

19.8

1.00

 

1.00

 

29.2

1.00

 

1.00

 
 

2

20.9

1.08

(0.76-1.52)

1.07

(0.75-1.54)

33.1

1.20

(0.90-1.60)

1.11

(0.83-1.50)

 

3

25.8

1.41

(1.00-2.00)

1.42

(0.99-2.05)

36.3

1.38

(1.01-1.88)

1.24

(0.90-1.71)

 

4 (highest)

30.5

1.79

(1.28-2.49)

1.72

(1.20-2.46)

38.6

1.53

(1.14-2.05)

1.26

(0.91-1.73)

Age

           
 

25-34 years

23.4

1.00

 

1.00

 

34.6

1.00

 

1.00

 
 

35-44 years

21.5

0.89

(0.67-1.18)

0.87

(0.65-1.16)

32.2

0.90

(0.71-1.14)

0.97

(0.75-1.24)

 

45-50 years

30.3

1.42

(1.04-1.94)

1.34

(0.96-1.88)

37.0

1.11

(0.84-1.46)

1.18

(0.88-1.59)

Marital status

          
 

Married/Common-law

24.1

1.00

 

1.00

 

34.5

1.00

 

1.00

 
 

Others

24.2

1.01

(0.77-1.32)

1.00

(0.74-1.35)

32.6

0.92

(0.70-1.20)

0.93

(0.70-1.25)

Educational attainment

          
 

≤ High school

23.9

1.00

 

1.00

 

25.2

1.00

 

1.00

 
 

College

22.0

0.90

(0.62-1.29)

0.92

(0.63-1.34)

35.2

1.62

(1.21-2.17)

1.55

(1.15-2.08)

 

≥ University

24.9

1.06

(0.78-1.42)

0.89

(0.65-1.21)

38.2

1.84

(1.36-2.48)

1.66

(1.20-2.29)

Work status

          
 

Working

23.9

1.00

 

1.00

 

33.5

1.00

 

1.00

 
 

Not working

28.6

1.27

(0.73-2.23)

1.43

(0.79-2.59)

35.2

1.08

(0.87-1.33)

1.11

(0.88-1.40)

City of residence

          
 

City 1

20.7

1.00

 

1.00

 

35.1

1.00

 

1.00

 
 

City 2

24.6

1.25

(0.86-1.81)

1.14

(0.78-1.67)

37.6

1.11

(0.81-1.52)

0.96

(0.69-1.33)

 

City 3

27.8

1.47

(1.03-2.10)

1.43

(1.00-2.05)

34.2

0.96

(0.71-1.30)

0.86

(0.63-1.18)

 

City 4

22.3

1.10

(0.76-1.59)

1.08

(0.75-1.57)

30.1

0.79

(0.58-1.09)

0.72

(0.52-0.99)

Self-assessed oral health

          
 

Fair/Poor

21.2

1.00

 

1.00

 

31.9

1.00

 

1.00

 
 

Good

24.9

1.23

(0.91-1.68)

1.25

(0.91-1.70)

29.7

0.90

(0.68-1.19)

0.91

(0.69-1.21)

 

Very good

22.5

1.08

(0.77-1.51)

1.04

(0.74-1.48)

39.9

1.42

(1.05-1.91)

1.39

(1.03-1.89)

 

Excellent

31.0

1.67

(1.15-2.42)

1.62

(1.10-2.36)

40.8

1.47

(1.03-2.11)

1.41

(0.98-2.04)

  1. *Adjusted for all other variables shown in the table.
  2. p-value of trend test.