Table 2 The means RABL of different betel quid chewing habit with or without adjusting by age and gender
N(%) | Means ± SD | Adjusted means (CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Control group | 36 | 2.70 ± 0.68 | 2.87 (2.56-3.18) |
Frequency of chewing/week | |||
7 days/week | 47 (75.8) | 3.79 ± 1.19* | 3.65 (3.38-3.92)* |
4-6 days/week | 7 (11.3) | 3.12 ± 0.70 | 3.17 (2.49-3.84) |
1-3 days/week | 8 (12.9) | 2.93 ± 0.68 | 3.13 (2.49-3.77) |
Daily chewing habit | |||
> = 20 pieces/day | 16 (32.7) | 3.96 ± 1.41* | 3.82 (3.37-4.26)* |
10-19 pieces/day | 20 (40.8) | 3.39 ± 0.79 | 3.29 (2.89-3.68)* |
1-9 pieces/day | 13 (26.5) | 3.37 ± 1.39 | 3.47 (2.96-3.98) |
Duration of intake | |||
>20 years | 30 (44.6) | 4.07 ± 1.33*† | 3.85 (3.51-4.19)*† |
10-20 years | 18 (27.7) | 3.50 ± 0.71* | 3.56 (3.15-3.98)* |
<10 years | 18 (27.7) | 2.91 ± 0.52 | 2.98 (2.56-3.39) |
Cumulative amount | |||
>100 k pieces | 19 (39.6) | 4.07 ± 1.33*‡ | 3.84 (3.44-4.24)*‡ |
33 k-100 k pieces | 14 (29.1) | 3.71 ± 1.10*‡ | 3.69 (3.23-4.16)*‡ |
0-33 k pieces | 15 (31.2) | 2.77 ± 0.58 | 2.92 (2.48-3.35) |
Areca nut additives (multiple choices) | |||
White lime, leaf of betel pepper | 43 (55.1) | 3.86 ± 1.24* | 3.75 (3.46-4.04)* |
Red lime, fruit of betel pepper | 10 (12.8) | 3.86 ± 1.62* | 3.67 (3.02-4.32)* |
Stem of betel pepper | 14 (17.9) | 3.34 ± 0.86* | 3.35 (2.95-3.76)* |
No additives | 4 (5.1) | 3.16 ± 0.78 | 3.12 (2.44-3.79) |
Other | 2 (2.6) | 3.77 ± 1.54 | 3.59 (2.61-4.57) |