Table 3 Relationship between ECC and children’s dietary, oral hygiene, and dental visit behaviors
Characteristic | ECC n (%) | ECC-free n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Feeding history | |||
Breast only | 222(74.2) | 77(25.8) | χ2 = 0.082; |
Breast and bottle | 250(74.6) | 85(25.4) | p = 0.775 |
Bottle only | 25(69.4) | 11(30.6) | |
Sleep with a bottle | |||
Always | 145(81.9) | 32(18.1) | χ2 = 7.527; |
Never or sometimes | 352(71.4) | 141(28.6) | p = 0.006 |
Dietary habits | |||
Sugar-containing soft drink | |||
Once or less | 241(61.3) | 152(38.7) | χ2 = 82.024; |
Twice or more | 256(92.4) | 21(7.6) | p = 0.000 |
Cookies⁄cakes | |||
Once or less | 77(53.5) | 67(46.5) | χ2 = 41.061; |
Twice or more | 420(79.8) | 106(20.2) | p = 0.000 |
Candy⁄chocolate | |||
Once or less | 120(42.2) | 121(57.8) | χ2 = 116.865; |
Twice or more | 377(87.9) | 52(12.1) | p = 0.000 |
Fresh fruit | |||
Once or less | 84(12.5) | 115(17.2) | χ2 = 151.038; |
Twice or more | 413(87.7) | 58(12.3) | p = 0.000 |
Sweet added water | |||
Once or less | 199(56.4) | 154(43.6) | χ2 = 123.489; |
Twice or more | 298(94.0) | 19(6.0) | p = 0.000 |
Milk/yogurt | |||
Once or less | 75(42.4) | 102(57.6) | χ2 = 127.049; |
Twice or more | 422(85.6) | 71(14.4) | p = 0.000 |
Oral hygiene practices of the children | |||
Initial brushing time | |||
3 years of age or earlier | 73(44.5) | 91(55.5) | χ2 = 99.784; |
After 3 years or later | 424(83.8) | 82(16.2) | p = 0.000 |
Brushing frequency (times/day) | |||
twice | 5(45.5) | 6(54.5) | χ2 for trend |
once | 85(51.8) | 79(48.2) | = 61.568; |
Some times or never | 407(82.2) | 88(17.8) | p = 0.000 |
Parental assistance in tooth brushing | |||
Yes | 169(60.6) | 110(39.4) | χ2 = 46.205; |
No | 328(83.9) | 63(16.1) | p = 0.000 |
Dental service utilization | |||
Visited a dentist | |||
Yes | 21(53.8) | 18(46.2) | χ2 = 8.938; |
No | 476(75.4) | 155(24.6) | p = 0.003 |
Prenatal dental health advice history | |||
Yes | 71(74.0) | 25(26.0) | χ2 = 0.003; |
No | 426(74.2) | 148(25.8) | p = 0.957 |
Caregiver’s general dental knowledge score | 4.64 ± 1.36 | 4.65 ± 1.27 | p = 0.345 |