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Table 3 Multilevel prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for denture/bridge use in males and females

From: Social determinants of denture/bridge use: Japan gerontological evaluation study project cross-sectional study in older Japanese

 

Males

Females

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

 

PR

95% CI

PR

95% CI

PR

95% CI

PR

95% CI

Fixed effects

        

 Individual-level characteristics

        

  Age group (years) (reference 65–69)

        

   70 - 74

0.98

(0.94-1.02)

0.98

(0.94-1.02)

0.96

(0.92-1.00)a

0.96

(0.92-1.00)

   75 - 79

0.96

(0.92-1.00)

0.96

(0.92-1.00)

0.97

(0.93-1.01)

0.97

(0.93-1.02)

   80 - 84

0.98

(0.94-1.03)

0.99

(0.94-1.04)

0.98

(0.93-1.03)

0.99

(0.94-1.04)

   ≥ 85

0.99

(0.93-1.06)

1.00

(0.93-1.06)

0.99

(0.93-1.05)

1.00

(0.94-1.06)

  Marital status (reference married)

        

   Separated/divorced

0.97

(0.93-1.02)

0.97

(0.93-1.02)

1.02

(0.99-1.06)

1.02

(0.99-1.05)

   Never married

0.91

(0.80-1.03)

0.91

(0.81-1.03)

0.98

(0.89-1.08)

0.98

(0.89-1.08)

   Unknown/missing

1.00

(0.89-1.11)

1.00

(0.90-1.12)

0.93

(0.84-1.02)

0.93

(0.85-1.03)

  Educational attainment (years) (reference <6)

        

   6 - 9

0.97

(0.86-1.10)

0.97

(0.86-1.10)

0.99

(0.92-1.08)

0.99

(0.92-1.08)

   10 - 12

1.07

(0.95-1.21)

1.07

(0.95-1.21)

1.06

(0.98-1.15)

1.06

(0.97-1.15)

   ≥ 13

1.15

(1.02-1.30)a

1.15

(1.01-1.30)a

1.07

(0.98-1.17)

1.06

(0.97-1.16)

   Missing

1.00

(0.87-1.15)

1.00

(0.87-1.15)

1.02

(0.92-1.13)

1.02

(0.92-1.13)

  Equivalent income (10000 yen) (reference <50)

        

   50 - 99

0.99

(0.89-1.10)

0.99

(0.89-1.10)

1.06

(0.99-1.15)

1.06

(0.99-1.15)

   100 - 149

1.02

(0.92-1.13)

1.02

(0.92-1.13)

1.08

(1.00-1.17)a

1.08

(1.00-1.16)

   150 - 200

1.10

(0.99-1.21)

1.09

(0.99-1.21)

1.11

(1.03-1.20)b

1.10

(1.03-1.19)b

   200 - 299

1.14

(1.03-1.25)a

1.13

(1.02-1.25)a

1.16

(1.08-1.24)c

1.15

(1.07-1.23)c

   300 - 399

1.18

(1.07-1.31)b

1.18

(1.06-1.30)b

1.20

(1.12-1.30)c

1.19

(1.10-1.29)c

   ≥ 400

1.18

(1.06-1.31)b

1.17

(1.05-1.30)b

1.18

(1.09-1.27)c

1.17

(1.08-1.26)c

   Missing

1.04

(0.93-1.15)

1.03

(0.93-1.15)

1.03

(0.96-1.11)

1.03

(0.96-1.11)

  Number of teeth (reference 10–19)

        

   1 - 9

1.16

(1.13-1.20)c

1.16

(1.13-1.20)c

1.21

(1.17-1.25)c

1.21

(1.18-1.25)c

   0

1.05

(1.01-1.10)b

1.05

(1.01-1.10)a

1.12

(1.08-1.17)c

1.13

(1.08-1.17)c

  Present illness (reference no)

        

   Yes

1.06

(1.02-1.10)b

0.94

(0.91-0.98)b

1.05

(1.01-1.09)b

0.95

(0.92-0.99)b

   Missing

1.05

(0.99-1.12)

0.99

(0.94-1.05)

1.08

(1.02-1.14)b

1.03

(0.98-1.08)

  Number of social groups (reference 0)

        

   1

  

1.02

(0.97-1.07)

  

1.05

(1.01-1.10)a

   2

  

1.03

(0.98-1.09)

  

1.05

(1.00-1.11)a

   3 - 6

  

1.05

(1.00-1.10)

  

1.06

(1.01-1.11)a

   Missing

  

1.02

(0.97-1.06)

  

1.00

(0.97-1.04)

 Municipality-level characteristics

        

  Number of dentists per 100000

        

  people (reference lowest (<47.29))

   Low middle (47.29 - 53.97)

1.03

(0.98-1.09)

1.03

(0.98-1.09)

1.04

(0.99-1.10)

1.04

(0.99-1.10)

   High middle (53.98 - 59.74)

0.99

(0.94-1.05)

0.99

(0.94-1.05)

0.97

(0.92-1.03)

0.97

(0.92-1.03)

   Highest (≥59.75)

0.98

(0.93-1.04)

0.98

(0.93-1.04)

0.95

(0.89-1.00)

0.95

(0.89-1.00)

  Population density (reference rural-agricultural)

        

   Semi-urban

1.07

(1.02-1.12)b

1.07

(1.02-1.13)b

1.10

(1.04-1.15)c

1.10

(1.04-1.15)c

   Urban

1.10

(1.04-1.16)c

1.10

(1.05-1.16)c

1.11

(1.05-1.17)c

1.11

(1.05-1.17)c

   Metropolitan

1.12

(1.06-1.18)c

1.13

(1.07-1.19)c

1.17

(1.10-1.24)c

1.17

(1.10-1.25)c

 Intercept

0.52

(0.44-0.60)c

0.54

(0.46-0.63)c

0.50

(0.45-0.56)c

0.51

(0.46-0.58)c

Random effects

        

 Local district-level variance (SE)

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

 Municipality-level variance (SE)

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

  1. Null model for males: Intercept, multilevel PR: 0.68 (0.66 - 0.69), p < 0.001, local district-level variance (SE): 0.000 (0.000), municipality-level variance (SE): 0.002 (0.001).
  2. Null model for females: Intercept, multilevel PR: 0.67 (0.66 - 0.69), p < 0.001, local district-level variance (SE): 0.000 (0.000), municipality-level variance (SE): 0.002 (0.001).
  3. PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval; SE, standard error.
  4. a, p < 0.05; b, p < 0.01; c, p < 0.001.
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BMC Oral Health

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