Effectiveness of lifestyle change plus dental care (LCDC) program on improving glycemic and periodontal status in the elderly with type 2 diabetes

Table 5 Multiple linear regression analysis for periodontal status (plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, CAL, and BOP) (N = 130)

Variables	Plaque index	Gingival index	Pocket depth	CAL	BOP
	(3rd month)	(3rd month)	(3rd month)	(3rd month)	(3rd month)
	Parameter estimate* (Standard error), p-value
Group affiliation (ref. control)	−0.148 (0.062), 0.018	−0.172 (0.058), 0.004	−0.480 (0.091), <0.001	−0.374 (0.111), 0.001	−18.938 (4.406), <0.001
Age	0.008 (0.006), 0.170	−0.002 (0.006), 0.712	0.002 (0.009), 0.826	0.010 (0.011), 0.372	−0.245 (0.434), 0.573
Gender (ref. female)	0.072 (0.064), 0.261	0.008 (0.060), 0.888	0.101 (0.094), 0.284	0.148 (0.117), 0.209	6.366 (4.587), 0.168
Smoking (ref. no)	0.166 (0.064), 0.011	0.011 (0.060), 0.857	−0.091 (0.097), 0.352	0.029 (0.118), 0.808	2.437 (4.549), 0.593
Plaque index at baseline	0.346 (0.075), <0.001
Gingival index at baseline		0.313 (0.066), <0.001
Pocket depth at baseline			0.732 (0.068), <0.001
CAL at baseline				0.836 (0.053), <0.001
BOP at baseline					0.585 (0.092), <0.001
	R² = 0.238, p <0.001	R² = 0.200, p <0.001	R² = 0.533, p <0.001	R² = 0.721, p <0.001	R² = 0.318, p <0.001

*Adjusted for group affiliation, age, gender, smoking, and the respective baseline measures.