From: Association between harmful alcohol use and periodontal status according to gender and smoking
Lower CPI | Higher CPI | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | %*(95% CI) | n | %*(95% CI) | |
Gender (n = 5291) | ||||
Male | 1444 | 63.2 (60.5-65.8) | 965 | 36.8 (34.2-39.5) |
Female | 2176 | 77.6 (75.3-79.7) | 706 | 22.4 (20.3-24.7) |
Highest diploma (n = 5283) | ||||
Primary school | 666 | 52.0 (47.4-56.5) | 497 | 48.0 (43.5-52.6) |
Middle school | 362 | 58.9 (53.8-63.9) | 260 | 41.1 (36.1-46.2) |
High school | 1452 | 73.5 (70.7-76.2) | 559 | 26.5 (23.8-29.3) |
≥ University or college | 1134 | 76.4 (73.7-78.9) | 353 | 23.8 (21.1-26.3) |
Household income† (n = 5247) | ||||
< 25% | 581 | 63.1 (58.5-67.4) | 366 | 36.9 (32.6-41.5) |
25 - 50% | 786 | 66.6 (63.4-69.7) | 424 | 33.4 (30.3-36.6) |
50 - 75% | 1036 | 69.0 (65.6-72.2) | 467 | 31.0 (27.8-34.4) |
> 75% | 1182 | 75.1 (72.4-77.6) | 405 | 24.9 (22.4-27.6) |
Diabetes (n = 5291) | ||||
No | 3450 | 71.2 (69.1-73.2) | 1483 | 28.8 (26.8-30.9) |
Yes | 170 | 45.6 (39.4-52.0) | 188 | 54.4 (48.0-60.6) |
Obesity‡ (n = 5251) | ||||
Underweight | 179 | 77.8 (71.4-83.1) | 55 | 22.2 (16.9-28.6) |
Normal | 2337 | 71.6 (69.3-73.8) | 1024 | 28.4 (26.2-30.7) |
Obesity | 1068 | 64.5 (61.4-67.4) | 588 | 35.5 (32.6-38.6) |
Oral health behaviors | ||||
Daily frequency of toothbrushing (n = 5291) | ||||
Once or less | 401 | 63.2 (58.7-67.6) | 249 | 36.8 (32.4-41.3) |
Twice | 1381 | 66.8 (63.7-69.7) | 738 | 33.2 (30.3.-36.3) |
Three times or more | 1838 | 73.7 (71.3-76.1) | 684 | 26.3 (23.9-28.7) |
Use of floss or interdental brush (n = 5291) | ||||
No | 2653 | 68.8 (66.4-71.2) | 1316 | 31.2 (28.8-33.6) |
Yes | 967 | 72.7 (69.5-75.7) | 355 | 27.3 (24.3-30.5) |
General health behaviors | ||||
Harmful alcohol use§ (n = 5291) | ||||
No | 2519 | 72.4 (70.0-74.6) | 1048 | 27.6 (25.4-30.0) |
Yes | 1101 | 65.7 (62.8-68.5) | 623 | 34.3 (31.5-37.2) |
Present smoking status (n = 5282) | ||||
Past smoker | 662 | 62.0 (58.5-65.5) | 450 | 38.0 (34.5-41.5) |
Current smoker | 776 | 61.8 (58.1-65.4) | 515 | 38.2 (34.6-41.9) |
Non-smoker | 2213 | 78.0 (75.7-80.0) | 719 | 22.0 (20.0-24.3) |