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Table 1 Bivariate comparisons of the characteristics between the participants with lower and higher CPI

From: Association between harmful alcohol use and periodontal status according to gender and smoking

 

Lower CPI

Higher CPI

 

n

%*(95% CI)

n

%*(95% CI)

Gender (n = 5291)

    

Male

1444

63.2 (60.5-65.8)

965

36.8 (34.2-39.5)

Female

2176

77.6 (75.3-79.7)

706

22.4 (20.3-24.7)

Highest diploma (n = 5283)

    

Primary school

666

52.0 (47.4-56.5)

497

48.0 (43.5-52.6)

Middle school

362

58.9 (53.8-63.9)

260

41.1 (36.1-46.2)

High school

1452

73.5 (70.7-76.2)

559

26.5 (23.8-29.3)

≥ University or college

1134

76.4 (73.7-78.9)

353

23.8 (21.1-26.3)

Household income (n = 5247)

    

< 25%

581

63.1 (58.5-67.4)

366

36.9 (32.6-41.5)

25 - 50%

786

66.6 (63.4-69.7)

424

33.4 (30.3-36.6)

50 - 75%

1036

69.0 (65.6-72.2)

467

31.0 (27.8-34.4)

> 75%

1182

75.1 (72.4-77.6)

405

24.9 (22.4-27.6)

Diabetes (n = 5291)

    

No

3450

71.2 (69.1-73.2)

1483

28.8 (26.8-30.9)

Yes

170

45.6 (39.4-52.0)

188

54.4 (48.0-60.6)

Obesity (n = 5251)

  

Underweight

179

77.8 (71.4-83.1)

55

22.2 (16.9-28.6)

Normal

2337

71.6 (69.3-73.8)

1024

28.4 (26.2-30.7)

Obesity

1068

64.5 (61.4-67.4)

588

35.5 (32.6-38.6)

Oral health behaviors

    

Daily frequency of toothbrushing (n = 5291)

    

Once or less

401

63.2 (58.7-67.6)

249

36.8 (32.4-41.3)

Twice

1381

66.8 (63.7-69.7)

738

33.2 (30.3.-36.3)

Three times or more

1838

73.7 (71.3-76.1)

684

26.3 (23.9-28.7)

Use of floss or interdental brush (n = 5291)

    

No

2653

68.8 (66.4-71.2)

1316

31.2 (28.8-33.6)

Yes

967

72.7 (69.5-75.7)

355

27.3 (24.3-30.5)

General health behaviors

    

Harmful alcohol use§ (n = 5291)

No

2519

72.4 (70.0-74.6)

1048

27.6 (25.4-30.0)

Yes

1101

65.7 (62.8-68.5)

623

34.3 (31.5-37.2)

Present smoking status (n = 5282)

Past smoker

662

62.0 (58.5-65.5)

450

38.0 (34.5-41.5)

Current smoker

776

61.8 (58.1-65.4)

515

38.2 (34.6-41.9)

Non-smoker

2213

78.0 (75.7-80.0)

719

22.0 (20.0-24.3)

  1. *Weighted percent and 95% confidence interval.
  2. Household income: monthly average family equivalent income.
  3. (=monthly average household income/√(the number of household members)).
  4. Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2); Normal (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2); obese (≥25 kg/m2).
  5. §AUDIT score ≥ 8.