The potential oral health impact of cost barriers to dental care: findings from a Canadian population-based study

BMC Oral Health

Table 4 Predictors for declining recommended dental treatment in the past year due to cost, 2007/09

Variables	Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Age*
6-19 (reference)
20-39	2.87 (1.98,4.16)	0.001	1.85 (1.00,3.43)	0.050
40-59	2.75 (1.67,4.52)	0.001	1.83 (1.03,3.25)	0.042
Sex
Males (reference)
Females	1.36 (1.09,1.69)	0.011	1.47 (1.10,1.97)	0.015
Immigrant status
Non-Immigrant (reference)
Immigrant	1.15 (0.76,1.75)	0.479	1.43 (1.05,1.95)	0.028
Education
> High school (reference)
< High school	0.63 (0.39,1.04)	0.068	0.65 (0.05,0.82)	0.002
Employment status
Full-time employed (reference)
Part-time employed	1.01 (0.52,1.97)	0.964	1.37 (0.85,2.22)	0.176
Unemployed	0.83 (0.66,1.05)	0.104	1.23 (0.96,1.57)	0.094
Income
Higher (reference)
Upper middle	2.05 (1.58,2.66)	0.001	1.61 (1.25,2.08)	0.002
Lower middle	3.74 (2.49,5.60)	0.001	2.95 (1.69,5.15)	0.001
Lower	4.21 (2.73,6.50)	0.001	2.64 (1.59,4.38)	0.001
Insurance
Private (reference)
Public	1.81 (0.99,3.30)	0.054	1.21 (0.49,2.97)	0.655
None	3.08 (2.39,3.99)	0.001	2.35 (1.62,3.40)	0.001
Self-reported oral health
Good to excellent (reference)
Fair to poor	4.11 (3.18,5.3)	0.001	3.04 (2.34,3.94)	0.001
Oral health
D (decayed teeth)	1.09 (1.02,1.17)	0.018	1.20 (1.13,1.28)	0.001
M (missing teeth)	1.04 (0.99,1.10)	0.140	1.07 (1.05,1.1)	0.001

*Age groups 6–11 and 12–19 were combined for the logistic regression analyses since certain data was not collected for respondents aged 6–11 (i.e. income and employment status).

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