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Table 2 Odds ratios for temporomandibular disorder symptoms according to the frequency of daily activities

From: Prevalence and association of self-reported anxiety, pain, and oral parafunctional habits with temporomandibular disorders in Japanese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional survey

 

TMD group n (%)

Control group n (%)

OR (univariate)

95% CI

P-value

Head-forward posture

     

  Never

32 (17.6)

270 (21.9)

reference

  

  A little

24 (13.2)

231 (18.7)

0.88

0.50–1.53

0.64

  Somewhat

46 (25.3)

309 (25.1)

1.26

0.78–2.03

0.35

  Often

27 (14.8)

216 (17.5)

1.06

0.61–1.81

0.85

  Always

53 (29.1)

207 (16.8)

2.16

1.34–3.47

0.001

Diurnal clenching

     

  Never

106 (58.2)

968 (78.5)

reference

  

  A little

32 (17.6)

157 (12.7)

1.86

1.21–2.86

0.005

  Somewhat

29 (15.9)

76 (6.2)

3.49

2.17–5.59

<0.001

  Often

8 (4.4)

20 (1.6)

3.65

1.57–8.50

0.003

  Always

7 (3.8)

12 (1.0)

5.33

2.05–13.82

0.001

Nocturnal tooth grinding

     

  Never

128 (70.3)

992 (80.5)

reference

  

  A little

27 (14.8)

124 (10.1)

1.69

1.07–2.66

0.024

  Somewhat

13 (7.2)

77 (6.2)

1.31

0.71–2.42

0.39

  Often

8 (4.4)

24 (1.9)

2.58

1.14–5.87

0.023

  Always

6 (3.3)

16 (1.3)

2.91

1.12–7.56

0.029

  1. TMD: temporomandibular disorder, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.