Table 1 Antimicrobial Peptides in Saliva
From: Oral Antimicrobial Peptides and Biological Control of Caries
Peptide | Origin | Role/comments | Major Oral Microbial Targets | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Alpha-defensins HNP 1–4 | Neutrophils, gingival sulcus, sites of inflammation, salivary duct cells | Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral. Present in GCF | Candida albicans HIV S. mutans (poor) | (Raj et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2002) [43, 44] |
LL-37 | Neutrophils, gingival sulcus, salivary glands and ducts | Primarily antibacterial | S. mutans F. nucleatum A. actinomycetemcomitans Capnocytophaga sputigena | (Ouhara et al., 2005; Tanaka et al., 2000) [17, 19] |
Beta-defensins hBD1 hBD2 hBD3 | Epithelia, salivary ducts | Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral. Part of the protective barrier function of epithelium. Secreted | hBD1: Poor antibacterial hBD2, hBD3: S. mutans S. sanguis F. nucleatum P. gingivalis Candida albicans HIV | (Joly et al., 2004; Maisetta et al., 2003; Quinones-Mateu et al., 2003)[15, 20, 18] |
Histatins | Salivary glands/ducts | Antifungal | Candida albicans | (Oppenheim et al., 1988) [6] |