Clinical characteristics | Cases (PTLBW) n (%) 150 (40.2) | Controls (TNBW) n (%) 223 (59.8) | Crude Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Periodontal pockets (PK) 4+mm | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 43 (28.7) | 67 (30.0) | 0.94 | 0.775 |
   No | 107 (71.3) | 156 (70.0) | (0.59–1.48) |  |
Periodontal pockets (PK) 6+mm | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 5 (3.3) | 6 (2.7) | 1.25 | 0.719 |
   No | 145 (96.7) | 217 (97.3) | (0.37–4.16) |  |
Gingival recession | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 64 (42.7) | 81 (36.3) | 1.31 | 0.218 |
   No | 86 (57.3) | 142 (63.7) | (0.85–1.99) |  |
Gum bleeding on brushing | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 56 (37.3) | 81 (36.3) | 1.04 | 0.843 |
   No | 94 (62.7) | 142 (63.7) | (0.68–1.60) |  |
Extrapolated Loss of attachment (ELA) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 78 (52.0) | 114 (51.1) | 1.04 |  |
   No | 72 (48.0) | 109 (48.9) | (0.69–1.57) | 0.868 |
Periodontal disease diagnosis Threshold: GB ≥ 30% sites, PK 4+ mm in ≥ 4 sites (PDT) |  |  |  |  |
   Yes | 11 (7.3) | 10 (4.5) | 1.69 | 0.242 |
   No | 139 (92.7) | 213 (95.5) | (0.70–4.08) |  |
Decayed teeth | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 76 (50.7) | 119 (53.3) | 0.90 | 0.609 |
   No | 74 (49.3) | 104 (46.6) | (0.59–1.36) |  |
Carious pulpal exposure | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 28 (18.7) | 44 (19.7) | 0.93 | 0.798 |
   No | 122 (81.3) | 179 (80.3) | (0.55–1.58) |  |
Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 91 (60.7) | 142 (63.7) | 0.88 | 0.556 |
   No | 59 (39.3) | 81 (37.5) | (0.57–1.35) |  |
High BP during pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 22 (14.7) | 16 (7.2) | 2.22 | 0.019 |
   No | 128 (85.3) | 207 (92.8) | (1.13–4.39) |  |
Malaria during Pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 91 (60.7) | 126 (56.5) | 1.19 | 0.424 |
   No | 59 (39.3) | 97 (43.5) | (0.78–1.81) |  |
Primiparous (1st child delivery) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 58 (38.7) | 109 (48.9) | 0.66 | 0.052 |
   No | 92 (61.3) | 114 (51.1) | (0.43–1.00) |  |
Previous LBW | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 8 (5.3) | 8 (3.6) | 1.5 | 0.415 |
   No | 142 (94.7) | 215 (96.4) | (0.56–4.13) |  |
Previous abortion | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 31 (20.7) | 44 (19.7) | 1.06 | 0.825 |
   No | 119 (79.3) | 179 (80.3) | (0.63–1.77) |  |