Table 3 Percentage and OR (95% CI) of participants who reported problem with swallowing and pain by socio demographic variables and malocclusion index, SMO.

Socio demographics

Kinondoni

6.5 (65)

1

18.7 (188)

1

Temeke

9.2 (55)*

1.3 (0.7–2.3)

24.1 (144)**

1.5 (1.1–2.1)

Boy

6.6 (42)

1

19.3 (12)

1

Girl

8.0 (78)

1.5 (0.8–2.7)

21.7 (210)

1.3 (0.9–1.8)

Urban

8.4 (95)

1

20.9 (236)

|

Rural

5.3 (25)*

0.4 (0.2–0.8)

20.3 (96)

1.2 (0.8–1.8)

12 yr

7.2 (29)

1

18.0 (73)

1

13 yr

6.1 (43)

0.8 (0.4–1.7)

20.1 (143)

1.2 (0.7–1.8)

14

9.9 (48)

1.1 (0.5–2.3)

23.9 (116)

1.3 (0.8–2.1)

Both parents low education

8.4 (30)

1

20.3 (73)

1

One low/one high

7.4 (14)

0.9 (0.4–1.8)

21.6 (41)

1.1 (0.7–1.7)

Both parents high education

7.0 (19)

0.8 (0.4–1.6)

20.5 (56)

1.1 (0.7–1.7)

Clinical status

SMO = 0 (at least one malocclusion diagnosed)

1.0 (5)

1

17.1 (87)

1

SMO > 0

5.3 (46)**

6.8 (2.7–17.4)

21.0 (182)**

1.4 (1.0–2.0)