Table 16 Characteristics of the study of Jokstad et al [10, 19, 20]

Jokstad et al [10, 19, 20]

Investigator-blinded randomized controlled trial

To compare the therapeutic efficacy of two different intraoral devices in TMD patients.

TMD patients referred to or applying for therapy at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo (Norway)

Adults who had experienced TMD symptoms for at least 6 months, e.g.,

1. Partial protheses with distal extensions

38 (average age: 37 years; range: 17–62 years)

NTI-tss device (n = 18) vs. Michigan-type stabilization splint (SS) (n = 20)

- impaired range of motion

2. Additional TMD therapy during the trial

- impaired TMJ function

3. Recent facial or cervical trauma

worn at night

- muscle pain

- TMJ pain

- pain on mandibular movement

Plus (both groups):

1. counseling

2. muscle relaxation exercises

Study

Study duration

Outcome parameters

Results

Authors' conclusions

Jokstad et al [10, 19, 20]

3 months

- Self-reported headache and TMD-related pain on a 100 mm VAS

Within-treatment-group pre-post differences

1. The therapeutic efficacy between an NTI-tss device and a Michigan splint did not differ over an observation period of three months.

- Maximum unassisted jaw opening

- Average jaw opening increased in both groups

- Tenderness on palpation of masticatory muscles, neck and shoulder muscles and TMJs on a 100 mm VAS

- VAS scores for TMD-related pain and self reported headache decreased significantly between baseline and 3-months examination in both groups

- Reduction of jaw muscle (but not neck and shoulder muscles) tenderness upon palpation in both groups

- No changes of TMJ tenderness upon palpation

Between-groups post-treatment differences

- Comfort of splint use on a 100 mm VAS

- No differences between NTI-tss and SS groups at the 3-months examination

- In both groups, the comfort of splint use appeared to be similar at each control examination with a (statistically not significant) trend of higher comfort for the NTI-device