Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the discovery sample

Ethnic group

Whites

83 (89.2)

48 (92.3)

29 (80.5)

29 (85.3)

0.54

0.19

0.54

0.29

0.10

0.59

Non-Whites

10 (10.8)

4 (7.7)

7 (19.5)

5 (14.7)

Age (years)

51.2 ± 13.3

59.2 ± 10.3

58.5 ± 11.4

55.1 ± 11.8

0.001

0.01

0.68

0.71

1.0

1.0

Sex

Female

61 (65.6)

38 (73.0)

25 (69.5)

24 (70.6)

0.35

0.67

0.59

0.80

0.71

0.91

Male

32 (34.4)

14 (27.0)

11 (30.5)

10 (29.4)

Smoking

Non-smoking

86 (92.5)

45 (86.5)

30 (83.3)

33 (97.0)

0.24

0.12

0.34

0.10

0.67

0.05

Smoking

7 (7.5)

7 (13.5)

6 (16.7)

1 (3.0)

Alcohol Consumption

No

49 (52.7)

29 (55.7)

21 (58.3)

24 (70.6)

0.72

0.56

0.07

0.16

0.81

0.28

Yes

44 (47.3)

23 (44.3)

15 (41.7)

10 (29.4)

Peri-implant Status

Bleeding on probing

0.12 ± 0.33

0.62 ± 0.48

0.19 ± 0.4

0.55 ± 0.5

0.0001

1.0

0.0001

1.0

0.07

0.002

Spontaneous bleeding

0

0.11 ± 0.32

0

0.14 ± 0.35

0.0001

1.0

0.004

1.0

0.07

0.02

Probing pocket depth (mm)

1.55 ± 0.74

2.4 ± 1.38

1.58 ± 0.66

2.45 ± 1.03

0.04

1.0

0.08

1.0

0.04

0.05

Plaque index

0.03 ± 0.18

0.31 ± 0.46

0.22 ± 0.42

0.17 ± 0.38

0.0001

0.04

0.2

0.4

1.0

1.0

Peri-implant phenotype

Thin

35 (37.6)

29 (55.7)

18 (50)

13

0.03

0.2

0.95

0.11

0.59

0.32

Thick

58 (62.4)

23 (44.2)

18 (50)

21

Mobility

0

3

0

2

0.1

1.0

0.3

1.0

0.4

0.6

Platform Type

External hexagon

44 (47.3)

29 (55.8)

20 (55.5)

21 (61.8)

0.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Internal hexagon

8 (8.6)

6 (11.5)

2 (5.5)

2 (5.9)

Morse Cone

35 (37.7)

17 (32.7)

13 (36.2)

10 (29.4)

Others

6 (6.4)

1 (2.8)

1 (2.9)

Implant region

Superior

122 (54.5)

126 (50.2)

47 (30.0)

64 (53.3)

0.3

0.0001

0.8

0.5

0.0001

0.0001

Inferior

102 (45.5)

127 (49.8)

110 (70.0)

56 (46.7)

Osseointegration period (months)

35.53 ± 34.01

37.8 ± 47.1

29.97 ± 21.92

31.7 ± 23.7

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0