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Table 2 Association between ECC, socio-demographic profile, oral health practices, mother’ oral health knowledge, oral hygiene, and infant-feeding practices

From: Prevalence, and early childhood caries risk indicators in preschool children in suburban Nigeria

Variables

ECC present

n = 33

ECC absent

n = 464

Total

N = 497

P value

Age

6-11 months

0 (0.0 %)

10 (2.2 %)

10 (2.0 %)

0.01

12-23 months

1 (3.0 %)

61 (13.1 %)

62 (12.5 %)

24-35 months

2 (6.1 %)

93 (20.0 %)

95 (19.1 %)

36-47 months

10 (30.3 %)

112 (24.1 %)

122 (24.6 %)

48-59 months

13 (39.4 %)

89 (19.2 %)

102 (20.5 %)

60-71 months

7 (21.2 %)

99 (21.3 %)

106 (21.3 %)

Sex

Male

11 (33.3 %)

255 (55.0 %)

266 (53.5 %)

0.02

Female

22 (66.7 %)

209 (45.0 %)

231 (46.5 %)

*Socioeconomic status

High

5 (15.2 %)

124 (26.7 %)

129 (26.0 %)

0.07

Middle

13 (39.4 %)

213 (45.9 %)

226 (45.5 %)

Low

15 (45.5 %)

127 (27.4 %)

142 (28.5 %)

* Maternal age at childbirth

>22 years

5 (15.6 %)

90 (21.3 %)

95 (20.9 %)

0.45

≤22 years

27(84.4 %)

332 (78.7 %)

359 (79.1 %)

*43 variables missing

*Birth rank

Primogenitor or only child

11 (33.3 %)

234 (51.0 %)

245 (49.8 %)

0.05

Not primogenitor

22 (66.7 %)

225 (49.0 %)

247 (50.2 %)

*5 variables missing

*Family size

More than four siblings

2 (6.1 %)

20 (4.3 %)

22 (4.4 %)

0.65

Four siblings or less

31 (93.9 %)

442 (95.7)

473 (95.6 %)

*2 variables missing

*Family composition

Living with both parents

27 (81.8 %)

421 (92.3 %)

448 (91.6 %)

0.30

Living with others

6 (18.2 %)

35 (7.6 %)

41 (8.4 %)

P = 0.03 *8 variables missing

Tooth brushing frequency

Brushing teeth twice daily or more

3 (9.1 %)

40 (8.9 %)

43 (8.9 %)

0.76

Brushing teeth less than twice daily

30(90.9 %)

424 (91.1 %)

454 (81.1 %)

Use of fluoridated toothpaste

Use fluoridated toothpaste

33 (100.0 %)

438 (94.4 %)

471 (94.8 %)

0.40

Do not use fluoridated toothpaste

0 (0.0 %)

26 (5.6 %)

26 (5.2 %)

*Consume sugary snacks between meals

Consume sugary snacks between meals three times a day or more

16 (50.0 %)

130 (29.2 %)

146 (30.6 %)

0.01

Consume sugary snacks between meals less than three times a day

16 (50.0 %)

312 (70.8 %)

331 (69.4 %)

*20 variables missing

Recommended oral self care

Use recommended oral self-care

0 (0.0 %)

5 (1.1 %)

5 (1.0 %)

1.00

Do not use recommended oral self-care

30 (100.0 %)

459 (98.9 %)

492 (99.0 %)

Annual dental service utilization

Had dental checkup last 12 months

2 (6.1 %)

17 (3.7 %)

19 (3.8 %)

0.49

Did not have dental checkup in last 12 months

31 (93.9 %)

447 (96.3 %)

478 (96.2 %)

Maternal oral health knowledge

Good

16 (48.5 %)

333 (71.8 %)

349 (70.2 %)

0.005

Poor

17 (51.5 %)

131 (28.2 %)

148 (29.8 %)

*Infant-feeding practices

Night breastfeeding

13 (39.4 %)

155 (33.4 %)

128 (25.8 %)

0.46

No night breastfeeding

20 (60.6 %)

309 (66.6 %)

369 (74.2 %)

P = 0.46

Exclusive breastfeeding

5 (15.6 %)

52 (11.2 %)

57 (11.5 %)

0.84

Partially exclusive breastfeeding

1 (3.0 %)

14 (3.0 %)

15 (3.0 %)

Nonexclusive breastfeeding

26 (78.8 %)

342 (73.7 %)

368 (74.0 %)

P = 0.84 *56 variables missing

Breastfed for ≤12 months

10 (31.3 %)

91 (22.0 %)

101 (22.7 %)

0.23

Breastfed for >12 months

22 (68.7 %)

322 (78.0 %)

344 (77.3 %)

*52 variables missing

   

*Oral hygiene status

Good

19 (57.6 %)

324 (70.4 %)

343 (69.6 %)

0.18

Fair

14 (42.4 %)

125 (27.2 %)

139 (28.2 %)

Poor

0 (0.0 %)

11 (2.4 %)

11 (2.2 %)

  1. *4 variables missing