From: Prevalence, and early childhood caries risk indicators in preschool children in suburban Nigeria
Variables | ECC present n = 33 | ECC absent n = 464 | Total N = 497 | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
6-11 months | 0 (0.0Â %) | 10 (2.2Â %) | 10 (2.0Â %) | 0.01 |
12-23 months | 1 (3.0Â %) | 61 (13.1Â %) | 62 (12.5Â %) | |
24-35 months | 2 (6.1Â %) | 93 (20.0Â %) | 95 (19.1Â %) | |
36-47 months | 10 (30.3Â %) | 112 (24.1Â %) | 122 (24.6Â %) | |
48-59 months | 13 (39.4Â %) | 89 (19.2Â %) | 102 (20.5Â %) | |
60-71 months | 7 (21.2Â %) | 99 (21.3Â %) | 106 (21.3Â %) | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 11 (33.3Â %) | 255 (55.0Â %) | 266 (53.5Â %) | 0.02 |
Female | 22 (66.7Â %) | 209 (45.0Â %) | 231 (46.5Â %) | |
*Socioeconomic status | ||||
High | 5 (15.2Â %) | 124 (26.7Â %) | 129 (26.0Â %) | 0.07 |
Middle | 13 (39.4Â %) | 213 (45.9Â %) | 226 (45.5Â %) | |
Low | 15 (45.5Â %) | 127 (27.4Â %) | 142 (28.5Â %) | |
* Maternal age at childbirth | ||||
>22Â years | 5 (15.6Â %) | 90 (21.3Â %) | 95 (20.9Â %) | 0.45 |
≤22 years | 27(84.4 %) | 332 (78.7 %) | 359 (79.1 %) | |
*43 variables missing | ||||
*Birth rank | ||||
Primogenitor or only child | 11 (33.3Â %) | 234 (51.0Â %) | 245 (49.8Â %) | 0.05 |
Not primogenitor | 22 (66.7Â %) | 225 (49.0Â %) | 247 (50.2Â %) | |
*5 variables missing | ||||
*Family size | ||||
More than four siblings | 2 (6.1Â %) | 20 (4.3Â %) | 22 (4.4Â %) | 0.65 |
Four siblings or less | 31 (93.9Â %) | 442 (95.7) | 473 (95.6Â %) | |
*2 variables missing | ||||
*Family composition | ||||
Living with both parents | 27 (81.8Â %) | 421 (92.3Â %) | 448 (91.6Â %) | 0.30 |
Living with others | 6 (18.2Â %) | 35 (7.6Â %) | 41 (8.4Â %) | |
P = 0.03 *8 variables missing | ||||
Tooth brushing frequency | ||||
Brushing teeth twice daily or more | 3 (9.1Â %) | 40 (8.9Â %) | 43 (8.9Â %) | 0.76 |
Brushing teeth less than twice daily | 30(90.9Â %) | 424 (91.1Â %) | 454 (81.1Â %) | |
Use of fluoridated toothpaste | ||||
Use fluoridated toothpaste | 33 (100.0Â %) | 438 (94.4Â %) | 471 (94.8Â %) | 0.40 |
Do not use fluoridated toothpaste | 0 (0.0Â %) | 26 (5.6Â %) | 26 (5.2Â %) | |
*Consume sugary snacks between meals | ||||
Consume sugary snacks between meals three times a day or more | 16 (50.0Â %) | 130 (29.2Â %) | 146 (30.6Â %) | 0.01 |
Consume sugary snacks between meals less than three times a day | 16 (50.0Â %) | 312 (70.8Â %) | 331 (69.4Â %) | |
*20 variables missing | ||||
Recommended oral self care | ||||
Use recommended oral self-care | 0 (0.0Â %) | 5 (1.1Â %) | 5 (1.0Â %) | 1.00 |
Do not use recommended oral self-care | 30 (100.0Â %) | 459 (98.9Â %) | 492 (99.0Â %) | |
Annual dental service utilization | ||||
Had dental checkup last 12Â months | 2 (6.1Â %) | 17 (3.7Â %) | 19 (3.8Â %) | 0.49 |
Did not have dental checkup in last 12Â months | 31 (93.9Â %) | 447 (96.3Â %) | 478 (96.2Â %) | |
Maternal oral health knowledge | ||||
Good | 16 (48.5Â %) | 333 (71.8Â %) | 349 (70.2Â %) | 0.005 |
Poor | 17 (51.5Â %) | 131 (28.2Â %) | 148 (29.8Â %) | |
*Infant-feeding practices | ||||
Night breastfeeding | 13 (39.4Â %) | 155 (33.4Â %) | 128 (25.8Â %) | 0.46 |
No night breastfeeding | 20 (60.6Â %) | 309 (66.6Â %) | 369 (74.2Â %) | |
P = 0.46 | ||||
Exclusive breastfeeding | 5 (15.6Â %) | 52 (11.2Â %) | 57 (11.5Â %) | 0.84 |
Partially exclusive breastfeeding | 1 (3.0Â %) | 14 (3.0Â %) | 15 (3.0Â %) | |
Nonexclusive breastfeeding | 26 (78.8Â %) | 342 (73.7Â %) | 368 (74.0Â %) | |
P = 0.84 *56 variables missing | ||||
Breastfed for ≤12 months | 10 (31.3 %) | 91 (22.0 %) | 101 (22.7 %) | 0.23 |
Breastfed for >12Â months | 22 (68.7Â %) | 322 (78.0Â %) | 344 (77.3Â %) | |
*52 variables missing | Â | Â | Â | |
*Oral hygiene status | ||||
Good | 19 (57.6Â %) | 324 (70.4Â %) | 343 (69.6Â %) | 0.18 |
Fair | 14 (42.4Â %) | 125 (27.2Â %) | 139 (28.2Â %) | |
Poor | 0 (0.0Â %) | 11 (2.4Â %) | 11 (2.2Â %) |