Table 2 Patients and periodontal disease in three groups
| Â | Group 1: Patients without diabetes and periodontitis | Group 2: Patients with periodontitis alone | Group 3: Patients with both periodontitis and diabetes |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient number | 14 | 15 | 7 |
Age | 58 ± 11 | 56 ± 11 | 63 ± 6 |
Gender (male/female) | 11/3 | 10/5 | 7/0 |
Race and ethnicity | Â | Â | Â |
 Caucasians/African Americans (nonhispanic) | 6.0 (12/2) | 2.8 (11/4) | 0.17(1/6) * |
Smoking status (smokers/nonsmokers) | 0.4 (4/10) + | 1.5 (9/6) | 2.5 (5/2) |
HbA1c (%) | 5.81 ± 0.55 | 5.60 ± 0.56 | 8.19 ± 1.24 * |
PD (mm) | 2.45 ± 0.86 + | 4.20 ± 2.00 | 4.80 ± 2.32 |
AL (mm) | 2.48 ± 0.89 + | 5.03 ± 2.48 | 5.24 ± 2.39 |