Table 2 Effect of four five methods of activation on tissue dissolution (% tissue weight loss ± standard deviation) by the 5 % NaOCl solutions

11

Distilled water

4.11 ± 3.41^a

−5.48 ± 4.56^f

11

5 % NaOCl

−10.97 ± 5.93^b

−15.86 ± 3.27^d

11

5 % NaOCl with pipetting

−24.41 ± 10.78^c

−46.39 ± 6.66^t

11

5 % NaOCl with sonic energy

−20.93 ± 9.56^cd

−38.79 ± 5.38^te

11

5 % NaOCl with ultrasonic energy

−22.41 ± 6.53^c

−46.81 ± 7.94^t

11

5 % E-NaOCl

−16.63 ± 4.54^d

−31.85 ± 5.61^e

11

5 % E-NaOCl with pipetting

−31.92 ± 12.04^e

−69.71 ± 3.41^s