Study | Country | Subjects (Laser/Placebo/Control) Age (yrs), Gender (M/F) | Study design | Orthodontic treatment | Placebo/control group | Pain measurement | Results (laser group, LG, laser side, LS, control, C, placebo, P) | Type of laser | Wavelength (nm) | Power (mW) | Time per point/ time per laser-treatment (second, s, minute, min) | Frequency of laser treatment (day, d, week, wk, month, mo) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lim [20] (1995) | Singapore | 39/39 21–24 y Not reported | Double blinded placebo, RCT (split mouth) | Elastomeric separators | Placebo | VAS | No difference in pain sensation | GaAsAl | 830 | 30 | 15, 30, 60 s/ 1 min 15 s–5 min | One session/d during 5 d |
Harazaki [19] (1997) | Japan | 20/20/44 11–34 y 27/57 | Single blinded RCT | Fixed appliance | Placebo and control | NRS (1–5) | Pain onset later in LG approx. 3 h | HeNe | 632,8 | 6 | 30 s/ 12–24 min | One |
Harazaki [11] (1998) | Japan | 20/20 20,1 y 11/23 | Single blinded CCT | Fixed appliance | Placebo | NRS (1–5) | LG pain reduction rate: 48.4 % | HeNe | 832.8 | 6 | 30 s/ 2–5 min | One, until pain ceased |
Fujiyama [12] (2008) | Japan | 60/60/30 19,22 y 18/42 | Single blinded CCT (split mouth) | Elastomeric separators | Control | VAS | Lower VAS separators day 4. VAS: LS 36.1, C 60.1 | CO2 | Not reported | 2000 | 30 s/ 1 min | One |
Tortamano [17] (2009) | Brazil | 20/20/20 12–18 y 18/42 | Double blind RCT | Fixed appliance | Placebo and control | NRS (1–5) | Lower 1th day. LG: 1.95, Placebo: 1.7, C:2.05. ended earlier LG | GaAsAl | 830 | 30 | 16 s/ 32–37 min 30 s | One |
Doshi-Mehta [7] (2012) | India | 20/20 12–23 y 8/12 | Single blinded RCT (split mouth) | Upper, lower canine retraction | Placebo | Children’s VAS | Lower VAS day 3 and 30. Day 3: LG 0.8, C 3.2. Day 30: LG 1.5, C 2.4 | AlGaAs | 800 | 0,7 | 30 s/Unclear | Day 0, 3, 7, 14, every 15th d in 4.5 mo. |
Kim [13] (2012) | Korea | 28/30/30 22,7 y 23/65 | Single blinded RCT | Elastomeric separators | Placebo and control | VAS | LG lower VAS up to day 1. Overall mean VAS: LG:19.7, C:35.64 | AlGaInP | 635 | 6 | 30 s/ 28 min | 2 times/d for 1 wk |
Artés-Ribas [15] (2012) | Spain | 20/20 26,4 y 6/14 | Single blinded RCT (split mouth) | Elastomeric separators | Placebo | VAS | Overall mean VAS LG: 7.7, C:14.1 | GaAlAs | 830 | 100 | 20 s/ 3 min 20 s | One |
Domínguez [14] (2013) | Colombia | 60/60 24,3 y Not reported | Single blinded RCT (split mouth) | Fixed appliance | Placebo | VAS | Lower max pain on VAS. LG: 3.3, C: 6.9 | GaAlAs | 830 | 100 | 22 s/44 s | One |
Eslamían [16] (2013) | Iran | 37/37 24,97 y 12/25 | Single blinded RCT (split mouth) | Elastomeric separators | Placebo | VAS | Lower VAS 6 h, 24 h, 30 h, day 3. VAS: LG:0.86, PG:1.10 | AlGaAs | 810 | 100 | 20 s/ 3 min 20 s | Two |
Nóbrega [8] (2013) | Brazil | 30/30 17,5 y 12/18 | Double blinded RCT | Elastomeric separators | Placebo | VAS | LG Lower VAS VAS: LG:0.42, PG:1.88 | AlGaAS | 830 | 40,6 | 25–50 s/ 2 min 5 s | One |
Abtahi [18] (2013) | Iran | 29/29 12–22 y 24/5 | Single blinded RCT (split mouth) | Elastomeric separators | Placebo | VAS | Lower VAS day 2 LG: 4.5, PG: 7.45 | GaAs | 904 | 200 | 7.5 s/30 s | One session/d, 5 d |
Heravi [10] (2014) | Iran | 20/20 22.1 y 3/17 | Single blinded CCT (Split mouth) | Maxillary canine retraction | Control | – | No differences between groups after 56 days | GaAlAs | 810 | 200 | 30 s/ 7 min 30 s | Day 4, 7, 11, 15, 28 1th mo.. Day 32, 25, 39, 43, 56 2nd mo. |