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Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis and change in HbA1c and FPG level

From: The effect of periodontal therapy on glycemic control and fasting plasma glucose level in type 2 diabetic patients: systematic review and meta-analysis

Author/publication year

Country

Sample size

Mean age

Inclusion criteria of diabetes, initial HbA1c (%), diabetes duration (Year)

Inclusion criteria of periodontal disease

Interventions

Duration of intervention

Outcome measures

Results

∆HbA1c(%)/FPG Level

Koromantzos et al., 2011 [36]

Greece

I = 30

C = 30

I = 59.62 ± 7.95

C = 59.42 ± 9.8

Type 2DM A1C levels (7 % −10 %)

Initial HbA1c:

I = 7.0–9.9

C = 7.0–10.2

Diabetes Duration

I = 7.76 ± 4.33

C = 7.84 ± 6.80

having at least 16 teeth present with at least eight sites (PPD) >6 mm and four sites with CAL >5 mm, distributed in at least two different quadrants.

I = SRP + OHI

C = delayed treatment

6 months

HbA1c

HbA1c Changes within the 1st 3 month

I: 0.73 ± 0.66

C: 0.18 ± 0.59

HbAIc changes after 6th months

I: 0.72 ± 0.93

C: 0.13 ± 0.46

Kumar et al., 2015 [30]

India

I = 15

C = 15

NA

Type 2 DM

HbA1c level

7.5–11 %

Initial HbA1c:

I = 8.13 ± 0.67

C = 8.09 ± 0.76

FPG (mg/dl) base line

I = 153.63 ± 13.02

C = 157.35 ± 17.78

1, Chronic generalized periodontitis patients (Armitage Criteria)

2. Patients who have undergone periodontal treatment 6 months prior to the study

I = SRP and systemic Doxycycline

C = no treatment

3 months

HbA1c

HbA1c Changes after 3rd month

I = 7.31 ± 0.50

C = 8.16 ± 0.74

Change in FPG after three months

I = 145.47 ± 11.17

C = 157.93 ± 17.44

Kanduluru and Naganandini, 2014 [32]

India

I = 35

C = 35

I = 47.14 ± 5.28

C = 48.86 ± 3.81

Type 2DM

HbA1c level

Initial HbA1c:

I = 8.49 ± 1.50

C = 8.04 ± 0.70

Initial FPG Level

I = 131.31 ± 21.48

C = 127.34 ± 19.89

Diabetes duration

I = 1–15 years

C = 1–15 years

1. pocket depth [PD] 4–6 mm involving >30 % sites)

2. generalized moderate periodontitis

I = SRP + OHI

C = OHI

3 months

HbAIc

FBS

HbA1c Changes after 3rd month

I = 8.47 ± 0.89

C = 8.27 ± 0.63

FPG changes after 3rd months

I = 122.64 ± 17.81

C = 136.57 ± 15.07

Engebretson et al., 2013 [34]

USA

I = 257C = 257

I = 56.7 ± 10.5

C = 57.9 ± 9.6

Type 2Dm

HbA1c level

7.0 % −9.0 %

Initial HbA1c:

I = 7.84 (0.65)

C = 7.78 (0.60)

Baseline FPG

I = 150 (125–174)

C = 147 (122–172)

Diabetes duration

I = 12.3 (8.2)

C = 11.3 (8.4)

1. a minimum of 16 natural teeth

2. CAL/PD >5 mm in 2 or more quadrants of the mouth

3. No periodontal treatment in the prior 6 months.

I = SRP + OHI chlorhexidine gluconate, toothbrush, toothpaste,

Dental floss.

C = OHI

6 month

HbA1c

FBS

Mean Change of HbA1c (95 % CI) at 3rd month

I = 0.14(0.02–0.27)

C = 0.11(−0.02 to 0.24)

Mean Change of HbA1c (95 % CI) at the end of 6th month

I = 0.15(−0.01 to 0.30)

C = 0.09(−0.06 to 0.25)

Gay et al., 2014 [35]

USA

I = 66

C = 60

I = 51.5( 9.0)

C = 54.0(10.2)

1. Type 2DM

HbA1c level

4.0–15.0 %

Initial HbA1c:

I = 9.0 ± 2.3

C = 8.4 ± 2.0

2. nonsmokers

1. no systemic antibiotic therapy within 6 months of recruitment,

2. the presence of localized or generalized severe chronic periodontitis

I = SRP + OHI

C = OHI

4 months

HbA1c

HbA1c Changes after 4th month

I = 8.4 ± 1.9

C = 8.1 ± 1.8

Kaur et al., 2015 [31]

India

I = 50

C = 50

I = 51.82 ± 5.85C = 52.94 ± 6.03

1. Type 2DM

Initial HbA1c:

I = 8.17 ± 2.49

C = 7.87 ± 2.56

2. Duration of DM

I = 8.57 ± 6.39

C = 7.05 ± 4.43

FPG (mmol/L)

I = 137.12 ± 59.71

C = 120.74 ± 41.47

1. presence of ≥12 teeth

2. ≥2 interproximal sites, not on the same tooth, with an attachment loss ≥4 mm, or PD ≥5 mm.

3. ≥2 interproximal sites, not on the same tooth, with an attachment loss ≥6 mm, and one or probing depth ≥5 mm

I = OHI + SRP

C = no treatment

3,6 months

HbA1c

HbA1c Changes in the end of 3rd month.

I = 7.49 ± 1.83

C = 7.96 ± 2.65

HbA1c Changes in the end of 6th month.

I = 7.29 ± 1.61

C = 8.06 ± 2.72

Change in FPG after three months

I = 135.88 ± 59.54

C = 121.71 ± 42.39

Change in FPG after six months.

I = 132.10 ± 56.91,

C = 122.75 ± 42.67

Telgi et al., 2013 [33]

India

I = 20

C = 20

NA

1. Type 2 DM

Initial HbA1c:

I = 7.68 ± 0.63

C = 7.74 ± 0.59

2. blood sugar controlled only with oral hypoglycemic agents

FPG(mg/dl)

I = 210.50 ± 4.98

C = 210.5 ± 41.98

1. the presence of aminimum of 28 teeth

2. pocket depth of 4–5 mm)

3. no systemic antibiotic administration and no periodontal treatment in last six months

A = Scaling+

mouthwash+

brushing

C = brushing

3 month

HbA1c

HbA1c after 3 month I = 7.10 ± 0.64

C = 7.75 ± 0.48

FPG after three month

I = 181.70 ± 41.28

C = 210.1 ± 43.02