Table 4 Multivariable logistic regression of common risk factors associated with edentulism, adults aged 50+ years in China, Ghana, India and South Africa and pooled, SAGE Wave 1 (weighted)

1

1

1

1

1

1.09 (0.86–1.37)

0.477

1.56 (1.01–2.42)

0.044

1.01 (0.67–1.52)

0.959

1.07 (0.66–1.74)

0.789

0.96 (0.77–1.20)

1

1

1

1

1

2.80 (2.25–3.50)

<0.001

1.16 (0.62–2.20)

0.635

1.51 (1.20–1.92)

0.001

1.45 (0.86–2.43)

0.162

2.03 (1.74–2.36)

6.74 (5.22–8.70)

<0.001

1.73 (0.83–3.59)

0.140

3.80 (2.84–5.09)

<0.001

1.70 (0.98–2.96)

0.059

4.94 (4.10–5.96)

14.89 (10.88–20.37)

<0.001

5.25 (2.80–9.83)

<0.001

3.59 (2.50–5.16)

<0.001

2.89 (1.29–6.45)

0.010

7.67 (5.93–9.91)

1

1

1

1

1

1.36 (1.09–1.69)

0.007

0.53 (0.31–0.91)

0.022

0.70 (0.45–1.08)

0.110

0.52 (0.30–0.90)

0.021

1.01 (0.77–1.32)

1

1

1

1

1

0.82 (0.67–1.00)

0.048

1.05 (0.44–2.53)

0.915

0.94 (0.72–1.22)

0.637

2.32 (1.31–4.12)

0.004

0.88 (0.75–1.03)

0.57 (0.44–0.75)

<0.001

0.98 (0.51–1.90)

0.960

0.76 (0.56–1.03)

0.081

2.82 (1.52–5.21)

0.001

0.58 (0.48–0.71)

0.31 (0.18–0.53)

<0.001

1.31 (0.38–4.54)

0.665

0.60 (0.33–1.12)

0.107

1.29 (0.36–4.58)

0.693

0.44 (0.28–0.68)

1

1

1

1

1

0.89 (0.71–1.12)

0.317

0.87 (0.41–1.84)

0.714

0.91 (0.65–1.28)

0.586

1.68 (0.68–4.10)

0.258

0.85 (0.70–1.03)

1.03 (0.84–1.27)

0.752

1.17 (0.56–2.45)

0.675

0.93 (0.66–1.29)

0.651

1.47 (0.61–3.57)

0.389

0.94 (0.78–1.13)

0.76 (0.60–0.94)

0.015

0.80 (0.37–1.70)

0.553

1.08 (0.74–1.57)

0.703

1.61 (0.71–3.67)

0.256

0.83 (0.67–1.03)

0.68 (0.52–0.90)

0.007

0.94 (0.41–2.16)

0.890

0.99 (0.69–1.44)

0.974

2.78 (1.16–6.70)

0.022

0.82 (0.65–1.02)

1

1

1

1

1

1.18 (0.89–1.57)

0.237

1.11 (0.53–2.35)

0.778

0.95 (0.75–1.21)

0.674

2.24 (1.22–4.13)

0.010

0.97 (0.80–1.16)

0.64 (0.38–1.07)

0.086

0.38 (0.05–2.81)

0.340

1.24 (0.74–2.08)

0.413

0.22 (0.04–1.15)

0.073

0.91 (0.62–1.34)

1.57 (1.10–2.25)

0.015

1.86 (0.79–4.40)

0.157

1.29 (0.83–1.99)

0.260

1.81 (0.86–3.79)

0.118

1.36 (1.05–1.77)

1

1

1

1

1

1.17 (0.98–1.40)

0.088

1.09 (0.70–1.69)

0.701

1.65 (1.11–2.46)

0.014

1.24 (0.57–2.70)

0.595

1.32 (1.08–1.60)

1

1

1

1

1

0.68 (0.53–0.87)

0.003

1.05 (0.65–1.69)

0.846

1.31 (0.83–2.08)

0.243

0.68 (0.42–1.10)

0.114

0.82 (0.63–1.05)

1.12 (0.80–1.57)

0.498

2.86 (1.19–6.84)

0.019

0.89 (0.50–1.59)

0.705

1.23 (0.67–2.26)

0.495

1.07 (0.81–1.42)

0.93 (0.69–1.27)

0.659

2.57 (1.19–5.59)

0.017

1.46 (0.92–2.31)

0.111

1.24 (0.69–2.24)

0.472

1.24 (0.93–1.65)

1.22 (0.98–1.52)

0.074

0.57 (0.24–1.31)

0.184

0.79 (0.57–1.09)

0.145

2.75 (1.72–4.38)

<0.001

1.10 (0.92–1.31)

1

0.21 (0.15–0.28)

1.51 (1.14–1.99)

0.86 (0.62–1.18)