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Table 3 The interactive effect of short- or long term smoking and drinking levels on presence of periodontitis

From: The interactive association of smoking and drinking levels with presence of periodontitis in South Korean adults

Variables

Adjusted

Adjusted

OR (95 % CI)

OR (95 % CI)

Short-term degree of smoking and drinking (Ref: nonsmoking and nondrinking)

 < 15CPD & < 0.5GPD

1.65 (1.20~2.26)

 

 < 15CPD & ≥ 0.5GPD

1.31 (1.02~1.67)

 

 ≥ 15CPD & < 0.5GPD

1.84 (1.35~2.51)

 

 ≥ 15CPD & ≥ 0.5GPD

2.16 (1.72~2.72)

 

Long-term degree of smoking and drinking (Ref: nonsmoking and nondrinking)

 < 13PY & < 6.8GY

 

1.01 (0.71~1.44)

 < 13PY & ≥ 6.8GY

 

1.20 (0.93~1.56)

 ≥ 13PY & < 6.8GY

 

1.91 (1.34~2.73)

 ≥ 13PY & ≥ 6.8GY

 

2.41 (1.94~3.00)

Agea

1.05 (1.05~1.06)

1.05 (1.04~1.06)

Sex (Ref: Female)

 Male

1.68 (1.39~2.03)

1.59 (1.321.91)

Education level (Ref: ≥ High school)

 ≤ Middle school

1.18 (0.98~1.43)

1.18 (0.98~1.43)

Household income (Ref: 3rd, 4th quartile)

 1st and 2nd quartile

1.03 (0.89~1.19)

1.03 (0.90~1.19)

Marital status (Ref: Married)

 Single

0.44 (0.34~0.57)

0.51 (0.39~0.68)

 Widowed or divorced

0.83 (0.67~1.04)

0.86 (0.69~1.08)

Recent dental visit (Ref: Yes)

 No

1.03 (0.87~1.21)

1.03 (0.87~1.21)

Use of oral hygiene device (Ref: Yes)

 No

0.98 (0.84~1.15)

1.00 (0.86~1.17)

Number of DMFTa

0.98 (0.97~1.00)

0.98 (0.97~1.00)

Frequency of daily tooth brushinga

1.01 (0.94~1.08)

1.01 (0.94~1.08)

  1. DMFT decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth
  2. CPD “cigarettes per day”, short-term smoking rate, PY “pack years”, long-term smoking rate
  3. GPD “glasses per day”, short-term drinking rate, GY “glass years”, long-term drinking rate
  4. acontinuous variable