The differences in healthcare utilization for dental caries based on the implementation of water fluoridation in South Korea

Cho, Myung-Soo; Han, Kyu-Tae; Park, Sohee; Moon, Ki Tae; Park, Eun-Cheol

doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0311-z

Table 1 The association between baseline characteristics and dental care visit during study period by water fluoridation program

From: The differences in healthcare utilization for dental caries based on the implementation of water fluoridation in South Korea

Variables	Water flouridation										P-value
	Yes					No
	Visit		Non-visit		P-value					P-value
	N/Mean	%/SD	N/Mean	%/SD	P-value	N/Mean	%/SD	N/Mean	%/SD	P-value
Regional variables
Period from introduction of water fluoridation	6.40	±4.67	6.64	±4.74	<.0001	–	–	–	–	–	–
Number of dentists per 1,000 residents	0.29	±0.15	0.29	±0.15	<.0001	0.28	±0.12	0.27	±0.12	<.0001	0.0021
Financial independence rate of local government	46.48	±23.11	47.56	±23.36	<.0001	51.77	±24.63	50.36	±24.45	<.0001	<.0001
Individual variables
Sex
Male	10,934	44.14	13,837	55.86	<.0001	98,496	45.88	116,178	54.12	<.0001	<.0001
Female	12,142	49.86	12,209	50.14	<.0001	107,402	51.52	101,052	48.48	<.0001	<.0001
Age (Years)
-19	8,880	59.43	6,063	40.57	<.0001	78,779	61.62	49,071	38.38	<.0001	<.0001
20–29	3,546	51.14	3,388	48.86		31,139	51.96	28,790	48.04
30–39	3,663	43.75	4,710	56.25		32,436	45.26	39,233	54.74
40–49	3,290	43.90	4,205	56.10		29,275	44.93	35,884	55.07
50–59	1,872	43.30	2,451	56.70		16,961	44.98	20,743	55.02
60–69	1,366	34.45	2,599	65.55		12,956	37.25	21,824	62.75
< 70	459	14.86	2,630	85.14		4,352	16.71	21,685	83.29
Income (percentile)
-10 % (low)	1,911	35.95	3,405	64.05	<.0001	15,930	35.78	28,588	64.22	<.0001	<.0001
11–20 %	1,404	43.58	1,818	56.42		12,124	44.91	14,874	55.09
21–30 %	1,705	44.68	2,111	55.32		14,157	46.55	16,253	53.45
31–40 %	2,014	45.56	2,407	54.44		16,787	46.70	19,163	53.30
41–50 %	2,289	46.19	2,667	53.81		19,872	48.74	20,899	51.26
51–60 %	2,518	47.58	2,774	52.42		21,769	49.95	21,811	50.05
61–70 %	2,818	49.68	2,854	50.32		24,962	50.83	24,148	49.17
71–80 %	2,988	50.50	2,929	49.50		27,172	52.05	25,032	47.95
81–90 %	2,840	50.87	2,743	49.13		28,038	52.66	25,206	47.34
+ 91 % (high)	2,589	52.55	2,338	47.45		25,087	54.13	21,256	45.87
Types of insurance coverage
Medical Aid	449	22.90	1,512	77.10	<.0001	3,868	23.24	12,778	76.76	<.0001	<.0001
NHI, self-employed insured	10,619	46.96	11,995	53.04		92,100	48.14	99,217	51.86
NHI, employee insured	12,008	48.92	12,539	51.08		109,930	51.09	105,235	48.91
Year of baseline
2003	20,564	47.40	22,819	52.60	<.0001	180,731	49.01	187,996	50.99	<.0001	<.0001
2004	661	55.22	536	44.78		5,917	58.95	4,120	41.05
2005	412	61.40	259	38.60		3,783	65.57	1,986	34.43
2006	346	58.25	248	41.75		3,595	58.85	2,514	41.15
2007	271	51.82	252	48.18		3,056	57.40	2,268	42.60
2008	272	47.97	295	52.03		2,897	57.84	2,112	42.16
2009	221	42.91	294	57.09		2,276	49.04	2,365	50.96
2010	170	37.53	283	62.47		1,808	41.23	2,577	58.77
2011	96	24.55	295	75.45		1,093	26.17	3,083	73.83
2012	44	10.21	387	89.79		563	12.55	3,924	87.45
2013	19	4.79	378	95.21		179	4.01	4,285	95.99
Dentofacial anomalies
Yes	13	100.00	0	0.00	0.0001	70	100.00	0	0.00	<.0001	<.0001
No	23,063	46.96	26,046	53.04	0.0001	205,828	48.65	217,230	51.35	<.0001	<.0001
Disorders of toothe development and eruption
Yes	89	100.00	0	0.00	<.0001	792	100.00	0	0.00	<.0001	<.0001
No	22,987	46.88	26,046	53.12	<.0001	205,106	48.56	217,230	51.44	<.0001	<.0001
Total	23,07	46.98	26,046	53.02		205,898	48.66	217,230	51.34		<.0001

†The results of a Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test to investigate the differences of distribution for categorical variables based on water fluoridation

Back to article page

ISSN: 1472-6831

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcoralhealth@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com

BMC Oral Health

Contact us