Effectiveness of bovine-derived xenograft versus bioactive glass with periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics in adults: a randomized, controlled clinical trial

Table 1 Mean probing depth, bone density, and root length between the groups at each time interval

Parameter	Time	Group 1 (CAOT without graft)		Group 2 (CAOT with xenograft)		Group 3 (CAOT with bioactive glass)		P-value
Parameter	Time	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	P-value
Probing depth (mm)	T1	1.54	0.17	1.57	0.13	1.56	0.14	0.054
	T2	1.17^b	0.16	1.19^a	0.14	1.19^a	0.17	0.047*
	T3	1.18^b	0.19	1.20^a	0.20	1.19^a,b	0.18	0.012*
Bone density	T1	63.24^c	7.21	65.54^b	6.41	66.41^a	6.32	<0.000*
	T2	33.42^c	6.81	51.11^a	6.21	42.32^b	6.43	<0.000*
	T3	64.11^c	6.22	97.53^a	6.33	80.12^b	6.31	<0.000*
Root length (mm)	T1	12.81^b	0.73	12.82^a	0.54	12.82^a	0.51	0.037*
	T2	12.79	0.71	12.79	0.64	12.80	0.53	0.968
	T3	12.78	0.64	12.78	0.53	12.79	0.52	0.060

Notes: P, probability level; *P ≤ 0.05; different superscript letters in the same row are significantly different. n number; T1, before CAOT (baseline); T2, after debonding (post-treatment); T3, 9 months after debonding. Abbreviations: CAOT corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment, SD standard deviation

ISSN: 1472-6831