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Table 2 Association between intraoral conditions and demographic characteristics, physical conditions, and snacking, n (%) (n = 323)

From: Effects of an educational intervention on oral hygiene and self-care among people with mental illness in Japan: a longitudinal study

 

Swollen and flabby gums

Number of teeth

Pain

Bad breath

Concerned about speech

Concerned about appearance

Concerned about occlusion

Yes

No

p

≤19

≥ 20

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Total length of hospitalization

  

0.179

  

0.001*

  

0.291

  

0.076

  

0.107

  

0.56

  

0.113

  < 1 year

26 (8.0)

113 (35.0)

 

34 (10.5)

105 (32.4)

 

28 (8.7)

111 (34.4)

 

47 (14.6)

92 (28.5)

 

24 (7.4)

115 (35.6)

 

43 (13.3)

96 (29.7)

 

38 (11.8)

101 (31.2)

 

  ≥ 1 and < 5 years

21 (6.5)

76 (23.5)

 

37 (11.5)

60 (18.6)

 

27 (8.4)

70 (21.6)

 

46 (14.2)

51 (15.8)

 

28 (8.7)

69 (21.4)

 

36 (11.1)

61 (18.9)

 

39 (12.1)

58 (18.0)

 

  ≥ 5 years

10 (3.1)

77 (23.9)

 

49 (15.2)

38 (11.8)

 

17 (5.3)

70 (21.6)

 

30 (9.3)

57 (17.6)

 

20 (6.2)

67 (20.7)

 

27 (8.4)

60 (18.6)

 

30 (9.3)

57 (17.6)

 

Side effect of drugs

  

0.55

  

0.007*

  

0.011*

  

0.663

  

0.204

  

0.036*

  

0.042*

 Yes

11 (3.4)

61 (18.9)

 

17 (5.3)

55 (17.0)

 

24 (7.4)

48 (14.9)

 

29 (9.0)

43 (13.3)

 

20 (6.2)

52 (16.1)

 

31 (9.6)

41 (12.7)

 

31 (9.6)

41 (12.7)

 

 No

46 (14.2)

205 (63.5)

 

103 (31.9)

148 (45.8)

 

48 (14.9)

203 (62.8)

 

94 (29.1)

157 (48.6)

 

52 (16.1)

199 (61.6)

 

75 (23.2)

176 (54.5)

 

76 (23.5)

175 (54.2)

 

Daily consumption of sweets

  

0.012*

 

0.019*

  

0.054

  

0.451

  

0.658

  

0.074

  

0.352

 Yes

24 (7.4)

68 (21.0)

 

25 (7.7)

67 (20.7)

 

27 (8.4)

65 (20.1)

 

38 (11.8)

54 (16.7)

 

22 (6.8)

70 (21.7)

 

37 (11.5)

55 (17.0)

 

33 (10.2)

56 (17.3)

 

 No

33 (10.2)

198 (61.4)

 

95 (29.4)

136 (42.2)

 

45 (13.9)

186 (57.6)

 

85 (26.3)

146 (45.2)

 

50 (15.5)

181 (56.0)

 

69 (21.4)

162 (50.1)

 

74 (22.9)

160 (49.6)

 

Smoking

  

0.823

  

0.004*

  

0.134

  

0.504

  

0.227

  

0.829

  

0.243

 Yes

18 (5.6)

80 (24.8)

 

48 (14.9)

50 (15.5)

 

27 (8.4)

71 (22.0)

 

40 (12.4)

58 (18.0)

 

26 (8.0)

72 (22.3)

 

33 (10.2)

73 (22.6)

 

37 (11.5)

61 (18.9)

 

 No

39 (12.1)

186 (57.5)

 

72 (22.3)

153 (47.3)

 

45 (13.9)

180 (55.7)

 

83 (25.7)

142 (43.9)

 

46 (14.2)

179 (55.5)

 

65 (20.1)

152 (47.1)

 

70 (21.7)

155 (47.9)

 
  1. Cross-tabulation, χ2 test, *p < 0.05