Table 3 Oral hygiene and dietary habits among migrant children in 2011 and 2013 (n =1042)
2011 \( \left(\overline{x}\pm \mathrm{s}\right) \) | 2013 \( \left(\overline{x}\pm \mathrm{s}\right) \) | Change \( \left(\overline{x}\pm \mathrm{s}\right) \) | p-value a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Oral hygiene | ||||
Total score | 13.98 ± 2.25 | 14.30 ± 2.19 | 0.32 ± 2.72 | <0.001 |
Can each family member have their own toothbrush and cup? | 3.37 ± 0.87 | 3.58 ± 0.71 | 0.21 ± 1.02 | <0.001 |
Yes | 56.14% | 67.37% | ||
Sharing cup | 31.48% | 26.30% | ||
Sharing toothbrush | 5.66% | 3.07% | ||
Sharing toothbrush and cup | 6.72% | 3.26% | ||
Which manner are you using to brush your teeth every day? | 3.09 ± 1.13 | 3.29 ± 1.09 | 0.20 ± 1.42 | <0.001 |
Casual brushing | 13.82% | 11.90% | ||
Vertical brushing | 12.48% | 8.64% | ||
Horizontal brushing | 18.42% | 13.34% | ||
Vertical brushing with horizontal vibration | 55.28% | 66.12% | ||
How long each time do you brush your teeth? | 2.57 ± 0.97 | 2.68 ± 0.92 | 0.11 ± 1.21 | 0.004 |
Less than one minute | 14.59% | 9.88% | ||
1-2 minutes | 34.64% | 33.78% | ||
2-3 minutes | 30.23% | 35.12% | ||
More than three minutes | 20.54% | 21.22% | ||
Do you rinse your mouth after a meal? | 1.56 ± 0.50 | 1.59 ± 0.49 | 0.02 ± 0.62 | 0.213 |
Yes | 56.33% | 58.73% | ||
No | 43.67% | 41.27% | ||
How many times do you brush teeth each day? | 3.38 ± 0.78 | 3.17 ± 0.76 | −0.21 ± 1.01 | <0.001 |
None | 1.63% | 0.78% | ||
Once | 13.44% | 19.58% | ||
Twice | 29.94% | 41.94% | ||
Three times or more | 54.99% | 38.00% | ||
Dietary habits | ||||
Total score | 10.33 ± 2.33 | 10.61 ± 2.15 | 0.28 ± 2.62 | 0.001 |
How often do you eat chocolate pie or cream cake? | 1.96 ± 0.74 | 2.08 ± 0.66 | 0.12 ± 0.91 | <0.001 |
Always eat | 29.27% | 18.33% | ||
Sometimes eat | 45.59% | 55.66% | ||
Rarely eat | 25.14% | 26.01% | ||
How often do you eat carbonated beverage? | 2.00 ± 0.73 | 2.10 ± 0.65 | 0.10 ± 0.84 | <0.001 |
Always eat | 26.58% | 16.31% | ||
Sometimes eat | 47.22% | 57.39% | ||
Rarely eat | 26.20% | 26.30% | ||
How often do you eat cheese? | 2.19 ± 0.73 | 2.25 ± 0.72 | 0.06 ± 0.92 | 0.026 |
Always eat | 19.19% | 16.22% | ||
Sometimes eat | 43.09% | 42.71% | ||
Rarely eat | 37.72% | 41.07% | ||
How often do you eat candy? | 2.16 ± 0.71 | 2.20 ± 0.63 | 0.04 ± 0.84 | 0.113 |
Always eat | 18.81% | 11.90% | ||
Sometimes eat | 46.55% | 56.24% | ||
Rarely eat | 34.64% | 31.86% | ||
How often do you eat ice cream or butter? | 2.03 ± 0.72 | 1.98 ± 0.68 | −0.05 ± 0.90 | 0.106 |
Always eat | 24.57% | 24.09% | ||
Sometimes eat | 48.18% | 53.65% | ||
Rarely eat | 27.25% | 22.26% | ||