Overall and subgroup analyses | No. of observations | Association | Heterogeneity | Model | Publication bias (P) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SMD (95% CI) | p value | I 2 (%) | P value | ||||
L1 | 20 | 0.799 (0.308–1.289) | 0.000 | 92.2 | 0.000 | Random | 0.289 |
BMI <30 | 14 | 0.987 (0.317–1.657) | 0.000 | 93.9 | 0.000 | Random |  |
BMI ≥30 | 3 | 0.024 (−0.790–0.839) | 0.953 | 81.3 | 0.005 | Random |  |
CP | 13 | 0.708 (0.142–1.273) | 0.014 | 91.6 | 0.000 | Random |  |
AP | 5 | 1.046 (−0.366–2.458) | 0.147 | 94.8 | 0.000 | Random |  |
Systemic disease (free) | 15 | 0.822 (0.225–1.418) | 0.007 | 92.1 | 0.000 | Random |  |
Systemic disease (mixed) | 5 | 0.721 (−0.135–1.576) | 0.099 | 91.6 | 0.000 | Random |  |
Smoking (free) | 9 | 0.656 (−0.076–1.389) | 0.079 | 90.6 | 0.000 | Random |  |
Smoking (mixed) | 11 | 0.913 (0.223–1.602) | 0.009 | 93.6 | 0.000 | Random |  |
A1 | 14 | −0.323 (−0.525 to −0.121) | 0.002 | 50.2 | 0.016 | Random | 0.203 |
BMI <30 | 10 | −0.243(−0.390 to −0.096) | 0.001 | 48.8 | 0.040 | Fixed |  |
BMI ≥30 | 3 | −0.326 (−0.677–0.024) | 0.068 | 33.9 | 0.220 | Fixed |  |
CP | 12 | −0.317 (−0.540 to −0.095) | 0.005 | 56.3 | 0.009 | Random |  |
AP | 1 | NA | Â | ||||
Systemic disease (free) | 9 | −0.457 (−0.809 to −0.104) | 0.011 | 60.2 | 0.010 | Random |  |
Systemic disease (mixed) | 5 | −0.206 (−0.374 to −0.038) | 0.016 | 0.0 | 0.427 | Fixed |  |
Smoking (free) | 7 | −0.480 (−0.923 to −0.037) | 0.034 | 69.2 | 0.003 | Random |  |
Smoking (mixed) | 7 | −0.227 (−0.387 to −0.068) | 0.005 | 0.0 | 0.530 | Fixed |  |
L2 | 9 | −0.412 (−0.864–0.040) | 0.074 | 79.7 | 0.000 | Random | 0.065 |
BMI <30 | 6 | −0.541 (−1.213–0.130) | 0.114 | 86.4 | 0.000 | Random |  |
BMI ≥30 | 3 | −0.201 (−0.562–0.159) | 0.273 | 0.0 | 0.393 | Fixed |  |
Smoking (free) | 7 | −0.439 (−1.052–0.174) | 0.160 | 84.4 | 0.000 | Random |  |
Smoking (Mixed) | 2 | −0.336 (−0.707–0.034) | 0.075 | 0.0 | 0.326 | Fixed |  |
A2 | 9 | 0.298 (0.117–0.479) | 0.001 | 33.2 | 0.157 | Fixed | 0.042 |
BMI <30 | 5 | 0.384 (0.161–0.607) | 0.001 | 54.2 | 0.068 | Fixed |  |
BMI ≥30 | 3 | 0.171 (−0.212–0.554) | 0.382 | 0.0 | 0.479 | Fixed |  |
SRP | 6 | 0.117 (−0.150–0.384) | 0.389 | 0.0 | 0.634 | Fixed |  |
SRP + peridontal surgery | 2 | 0.409 (−0.193–1.011) | 0.183 | 74.6 | 0.047 | Random |  |
SRP + topical antibiotics | 1 | NA |  | ||||
Systemic disease (free) | 7 | 0.106 (−0.132–0.344) | 0.382 | 0.0 | 0.749 | Fixed |  |
Systemic disease (T2DM) | 2 | 0.466 (−0.066–0.997) | 0.086 | 60.9 | 0.110 | Random |  |