Table 3 Characteristic of interventions and results

Miles (2012) [16]

A vibrational device (Tooth Masseuse) provides vibration (111 Hz, 0.06 N) for 20 min per day.

Level and align the lower anterior teeth using 0.018*0.025-in. bracket slot system and 0.014 in. NITI wire in cases without extraction in lower arch or impacted teeth.

10 weeks (assessed at 5, 8 and 10 weeks after commencement)

Reduction in the irregularity assessed by Little’s Irregularity Index.

No differences in irregularity were observed at 5, 8 and 10 weeks after commencement between 2 groups.

No differences pain levels were observed at any time points between 2 groups.

Pavlin (2015) [23]

A vibrational device (AcceleDent) provides vibration (30 Hz, 0.25 N) for 20 min per day.

After complete alignment, maxillary canines or all 6 anterior teeth were retracted using miniscrews under force of 180 g, in patients that had maxillary first premolars extracted

Entire space closure

Measured using a digital caliper in patients’ mouth.

The rate of canine retraction was higher in the AcceleDent group (1.16 mm/month) than the control group (0.79 mm/month).

No differences in root resorption and pain levels were observed between 2 groups.

Woodhouse (2015a) [18]^a

A vibrational device (AcceleDent) provides vibration (30 Hz, 0.2 N) for 20 min per day.

Level and align the mandibular arch using sequential arch wires (from 0.014-in NITI wire to 0.019*0.025-in stainless wire) in patients that had mandibular premolars extracted.

Entire alignment (from 0.014-in NITI wire to 0.019*0.025-in stainless wire)

Difference in the irregularity (Little’s irregularity index) divided by the number of days between measurements.

No significant difference in the rate of tooth movement or amount of required time among 3 groups.

–

Woodhouse

(2015b) [17]^a

A vibrational device (AcceleDent) provides vibration (30 Hz, 0.2 N) for 20 min per day.

Level and align the mandibular arch using 0.014-in NiTi and 0.018-in NiTi wire in patients that had mandibular premolars extracted.

Initial alignment from 0.014-in NiTi wire to 0.018-in NiTi wire.

Difference of irregularity index of casts taken at placement of 0.014-in and 0.018-in NiTi wire divided by number of days between 2 measurements

No significant difference in the rate of tooth movement in the initial alignment phase was observed among 3 groups.

The maximum and mean pain intensity in the first week after placement of 0.014-in and 0.018-in NiTi wire similar among 3 groups

Leethanakul (2016) [20]

A electronic toothbrush (Colgate) with a rotating and vibrating head (125 Hz), which is used to provide mechanical vibration for a minimum of 5 min 3 times per day.

After complete alignment, the maxillary canine was retracted using elastomeric chain on the buccal and palatal side, under force of approximate 60 g, in patients that had maxillary first premolars extracted

2 months

Difference in the distance between canine and third rugae among consecutive models, assessed using digital caliper.

The accumulative amount of tooth movement was greater for the experimental canine (2.85 ± 0.17 mm) than for the control group (1.77 ± 0.11 mm).

–

Lobre

(2016) [21]

A vibrational device (AcceleDent) provides vibration (30 Hz, 0.25 N) for 20 min per day.

Level and align dentitions, and returned per months.

4 months

–

–

Vibrational stimulus significantly reduced the intensity of overall pain and biting pain.

Miles

(2016) [22]

A vibrational device (AcceleDent) provides vibration (30 Hz, 0.25 N) for 20 min per day.

Participants were Class II patients with maxillary premolars extracted and receiving comprehensive treatment in both archs. The dentitions were aligned using a 0.014-in thermal NiTi wire in the whole experiment.

10 weeks

Arch perimeter and irregularity of mandibular anterior teeth (3–3) assessed using Alginate impressions

No significant differences in anterior arch perimeters and irregularity were observed at 5, 8 or 10 weeks after commencement between 2 groups.

No significant difference of pain intensity in the first week after appliance placement.

DiBiase

(2016) [19]^a

A vibrational device (AcceleDent) provides vibration (30 Hz, 0.2 N) for 20 min per day.

Level and align using sequential arch wires (from 0.014-in NITI wire to 0.019*0.025-in stainless wire) in patients that had mandibular premolars extracted.

Entire alignment (from 0.014-in NITI wire to 0.019*0.025-in stainless wire)

–

–

No significant difference in the external root resorptions of maxillary right central incisors among 3 groups.