Variables | Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI) | p- value |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Malea | ||
Female | 0.782 (0.556–1.101) | 0.159 |
Ethnic group | ||
Malaya | 0.947 | |
Chinese | 1.105 (0.765–1.596) | 0.595 |
Indian/Punjabi/Pakistani | 0.922 (0.383–2.220) | 0.856 |
Parents’ highest education level | ||
No formal educationa | 0.307 | |
Primary education | 1.493 (0.248–8.980) | 0.661 |
Secondary education | 1.772 (0.329–9.530) | 0.505 |
Tertiary education | 2.558 (0.458–14.294) | 0.285 |
Total household income (month) | ||
RM999 and belowa | 0.549 | |
RM1000- RM2999 | 1.373 (0.831–2.268) | 0.216 |
RM3000- RM4999 | 1.100 (0.633–1.912) | 0.735 |
RM5000 and above | 1.325 (0.712–2.465) | 0.375 |