The effects of essential oil mouthrinses with or without alcohol on plaque and gingivitis: a randomized controlled clinical study

Table 4 Whole-mouth mean gingival bleeding index (BI) at months 1, 3, and 6 (full analysis set)

Mean BI	MOH (n = 122)	AFM (n = 121)	ACM (n = 122)
Baseline
Mean ± SE	0.605 ± 0.012	0.630 ± 0.017	0.623 ± 0.015
Month 1
Adj. mean ± SE	0.447 ± 0.008	0.309 ± 0.008	0.304 ± 0.008
Difference between treatments (95% CI)		p- value^a
AFM vs MOH	−0.137 (−0.160, −0.114)	<0.001
ACM vs MOH	−0.142 (−0.165, −0.119)	<0.001
ACM vs AFM	−0.005 (−0.028, 0.018)	0.657
Month 3^b
Adj. mean ± SE	0.545 ± 0.009	0.299 ± 0.009	0.304 ± 0.009
Difference between treatments (95% CI)		p- value^a
AFM vs MOH	−0.246 (−0.271, −0.221)	<0.001
ACM vs MOH	−0.241 (−0.266, −0.216)	<0.001
ACM vs AFM	0.006 (−0.019, 0.030)	0.661
Month 6^c
Adj. mean ± SE	0.477 ± 0.007	0.180 ± 0.007	0.185 ± 0.007
Difference between treatments (95% CI)		p- value^a
AFM vs MOH	−0.297 (−0.316, −0.278)
ACM vs MOH	−0.292 (−0.311, −0.272)
ACM vs AFM	0.005 (−0.014, 0.025)

ACM Alcohol-containing essential oil mouthrinse, AFM Alcohol-free essential oil mouthrinse, CI Confidence interval, MGI Modified gingival index, MOH Mechanical oral hygiene, SE Standard error
^ap-values are based on ANCOVA model with term for treatment and baseline value as covariate
^bAt month 3, data for MOH, AFM, and ACM groups were obtained from 119 subjects in each group
^cAt month 6, data for MOH, AFM, and ACM groups were obtained from 118, 116, and 114 subjects, respectively

ISSN: 1472-6831