Table 8 Occurrence of TMD (long-term)
From: Effect of protraction facemask on the temporomandibular joint: a systematic review
Study | Outcome | Long-term effect (3y) |
|---|---|---|
Mandall 2012 | Percentage of TMJ signs and symptoms | In PFM group, 0% had lateral TMJ pain, intra-articular pain, locking, loss of movement (maximum mouth opening, lateral movement), or temporalis spasm; 11% had Clicking; 14.1% had crepitus; 3.1% had masseter spasm, or lateral pterygoid spasm; In control group, 1.4% had lateral TMJ pain, or intra-articular pain; 5.6% had clicking, or lateral pterygoid spasm; 9.7% had crepitus; 2.8% had locking, or masseter spasm; 0% had loss of movement (maximum mouth opening, lateral movement), or temporalis spasm. |