Table 2 Characteristics of demographic, behavioral, and oral health-related factors according to bacterial type
| Â | Prevalence of periodontal bacteria | Periodontal pathogenic burden | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable name | Total | P. gingivalis | T. denticola | T. forsythia | P. intermedia | Â | Â | |||||
Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Low | Moderate | High | ||
| Â | No. (%) | |||||||||||
Total | 385 (100.0) | 224(58.2) | 161(41.8) | 230(59.7) | 155(40.3) | 285(74.0) | 100(26.0) | 203(52.7) | 182(47.3) | 46(11.9) | 230(59.7) | 109(28.3) |
Age (y) | ||||||||||||
 50−59 | 51 (13.2) | 20(8.9) | 31 (19.3) | 30 (13.0) | 21 (13.5) | 37 (13.0) | 14 (14.0) | 27 (13.3) | 24 (13.2) | 5 (10.9) | 39 (17.0) | 7 (6.4) |
 60 −69 | 108 (28.1) | 64 (28.6) | 44 (27.3) | 68 (29.6) | 40 (25.8) | 86 (30.2) | 22 (22.0) | 57 (28.1) | 51 (28.0) | 10 (21.7) | 64 (27.8) | 34 (31.2) |
 70−82 | 226 (58.7) | 140 (62.5) | 86 (53.4) | 132 (57.4) | 94 (60.6) | 162 (56.8) | 64 (64.0) | 119 (58.6) | 107 (58.8) | 31 (67.4) | 127 (55.2) | 68 (62.4) |
 p-value |  | 0.01 | 0.72 | 0.29 | 1.00 | 0.07 | ||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
 Male | 176 (45.7) | 108 (48.2) | 68 (42.2) | 106 (46.1) | 70 (45.2) | 136 (47.7) | 40 (40.0) | 98 (48.3) | 78 (42.9) | 16 (34.8) | 107 (46.5) | 53 (48.6) |
 Female | 209 (54.3) | 116 (51.8) | 93 (57.8) | 124 (53.9) | 75 (54.8) | 149 (52.3) | 60 (60.0) | 105 (51.7) | 104 (57.1) | 30 (65.2) | 123 (53.5) | 56 (51.4) |
 p-value |  | 0.25 | 0.86 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.27 | ||||||
Smoking | ||||||||||||
 Current | 31 (8.1) | 18 (9.2) | 13 (9.1) | 16 (7.7) | 15 (11.5) | 22 (8.6) | 9 (10.8) | 15 (8.2) | 16 (10.3) | 2 (5.1) | 23 (11.5) | 6 (6.0) |
 Former | 100 (26.0) | 64 (32.7) | 36 (25.2) | 67 (32.1) | 33 (25.4) | 82 (32.0) | 18 (21.7) | 65 (35.5) | 35 (22.4) | 7 (17.9) | 55 (27.5) | 38 (38.0) |
 Never | 208 (54.0) | 114 (58.2) | 94 (65.7) | 126 (60.3) | 82 (63.1) | 152 (59.4) | 56 (67.5) | 103 (56.3) | 105 (67.3) | 30 (76.9) | 122 (61.0) | 56 (56.0) |
 p-value |  | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.05 | ||||||
Drinking | ||||||||||||
 Current | 144 (37.4) | 90 (45.9) | 54 (37.8) | 88 (42.1) | 56 (43.1) | 115 (44.9) | 29 (34.9) | 77 (42.1) | 67 (42.9) | 13 (33.3) | 87 (43.5) | 44 (44.0) |
 Former | 19 (4.9) | 11 (5.6) | 8 (5.6) | 13 (6.2) | 6 (4.6) | 14 (5.5) | 5 (6.0) | 9 (4.9) | 10 (6.4) | 2 (5.1) | 12 (6.0) | 5 (5.0) |
 Never | 176 (54.0) | 95 (48.5) | 81 (56.6) | 108 (51.7) | 68 (52.3) | 127 (49.6) | 49 (59.0) | 97 (53.0) | 79 (50.6) | 24 (61.5) | 101 (50.5) | 51 (51.0) |
 p-value |  | 0.31 | 0.82 | 0.28 | 0.80 | 0.77 | ||||||
Exercise (times/week) | ||||||||||||
 None | 110 (28.6) | 57 (29.2) | 53 (37.1) | 68 (32.7) | 42 (32.3) | 84 (32.9) | 26 (31.3) | 65 (35.7) | 45 (28.8) | 16 (41.0) | 59 (29.5) | 35 (35.4) |
  ≤ Twice | 228 (59.2) | 138 (70.8) | 90 (62.9) | 140 (67.3) | 88 (67.7) | 171 (67.1) | 57 (68.7) | 117 (64.3) | 111 (71.2) | 23 (59.0) | 141 (70.5) | 64 (64.6) |
 p-value |  | 0.13 | 0.94 | 0.79 | 0.18 | 0.29 | ||||||
Brushing frequency (times/day) | ||||||||||||
 Once | 75 (19.5) | 40 (21.1) | 35 (26.7) | 46 (22.5) | 29 (24.8) | 58 (23.4) | 17 (23.3) | 43 (23.9) | 32 (22.7) | 9 (28.1) | 41 (21.6) | 25 (25.3) |
 Twice | 163 (42.3) | 96 (50.5) | 67 (51.1) | 102 (50.0) | 61 (52.1) | 127 (51.2) | 36 (49.3) | 93 (51.7) | 70 (49.6) | 15 (46.9) | 101 (53.2) | 47 (47.5) |
  ≥ 3 times | 83 (21.6) | 54 (28.4) | 29 (22.1) | 56 (27.5) | 27 (23.1) | 63 (25.4) | 20 (27.4) | 44 (24.4) | 39 (27.7) | 8 (25.0) | 48 (25.3) | 27 (27.3) |
 p-value |  | 0.32 | 0.68 | 0.94 | 0.81 | 0.58 | ||||||
Flossing frequency | ||||||||||||
 None | 142 (36.9) | 80 (41.7) | 62 (45.9) | 93 (45.4) | 49 (40.2) | 109 (43.6) | 33 (42.9) | 81 (45.0) | 61 (41.5) | 16 (47.1) | 78 (40.0) | 48 (49.0) |
  ≥ Once/week | 55 (14.3) | 35 (18.2) | 20 (14.8) | 29 (14.1) | 26 (21.3) | 43 (17.2) | 12 (15.6) | 28 (15.6) | 27 (18.4) | 5 (14.7) | 37 (19.0) | 13 (13.3) |
  ≥ Once/day | 130 (33.8) | 77 (40.1) | 53 (39.3) | 83 (40.5) | 47 (38.5) | 98 (39.2) | 32 (41.6) | 71 (39.4) | 59 (40.1) | 13 (38.2) | 80 (41.0) | 37 (37.8) |
 p-value |  | 0.64 | 0.24 | 0.91 | 0.73 | 0.85 | ||||||
Periodontitis by CPI* | ||||||||||||
 Periodontitis(−) | 195 (54.2) | 105 (48.8) | 90 (62.1) | 100 (44.4) | 95 (70.4) | 133 (48.5) | 62 (72.1) | 89 (45.2) | 106 (65.0) | 27 (75.0) | 127 (58.5) | 41 (38.3) |
 Periodontitis(+) | 165 (45.8) | 110 (51.2) | 55 (37.9) | 125 (55.6) | 40 (29.6) | 141 (51.5) | 24 (27.9) | 108 (54.8) | 57 (35.0) | 9 (25.0) | 90 (41.5) | 66 (61.7) |
 p-value |  | 0.01 | <.01 | <.01 | <.01 | <.01 | ||||||
|  | mean ± sd |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Age (y) | 69.2 ± 7.8 | 69.8 ± 7.2 | 68.4 ± 8.4 | 69.1 ± 7.9 | 69.3 ± 7.7 | 68.9 ± 7.8 | 70.1 ± 7.6 | 69.3 ± 7.8 | 69.1 ± 7.83 | 71.0 ± 8.0 a | 68.3 ± 7.9 b | 70.3 ± 7.2b a |
 p-value |  | 0.08 | 0.78 | 0.18 | 0.72 | 0.05 | ||||||
CPI | 1.7 ± 1.6 | 1.8 ± 1.6 | 1.5 ± 1.5 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 1.1 ± 1.5 | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 1.1 ± 1.5 | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 1.3 ± 1.5 | 1.0 ± 1.5 a | 1.6 ± 1. 5a | 2.2 ± 1.5 b |
 p-value |  | 0.08 | <.01 | <.01 | <.01 | <.01 | ||||||
No. of present teeth | 20.9 ± 7.8 | 20.8 ± 7.1 | 21.1 ± 8.7 | 21.7 ± 6.4 | 19.8 ± 9.4 | 21.2 ± 7.1 | 20.1 ± 9.5 | 21.6 ± 6.8 | 20.1 ± 8.8 | 18.8 ± 11.0 | 21.2 ± 7.6 | 21.2 ± 6.5 |
 p-value |  | 0.70 | 0.03 | 0.32 | 0.06 | 0.22 | ||||||
DFMT index | 18.0 ± 7.1 | 18.1 ± 7.0 | 17.8 ± 7.2 | 18.2 ± 6.8 | 17.6 ± 7.4 | 18.1 ± 7.0 | 17.5 ± 7.1 | 17.7 ± 6.8 | 18.3 ± 7.4 | 18.1 ± 8.1 | 18.0 ± 6.8 | 17.9 ± 7.1 |
 p-value |  | 0.75 | 0.38 | 0.43 | 0.38 | 0.43 | ||||||