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Table 2 Distribution of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, oral health behavior, and dietary habits of children according to blood lead level quartiles

From: Lead exposure may affect gingival health in children

 

Total

(n = 137)

Quartile I

(n = 35)

Quartile II

(n = 34)

Quartile III

(n = 34)

Quartile IV

(n = 34)

No. (%)

No. (%)

No. (%)

No. (%)

No. (%)

Age (years, mean ± SD)

10.9 ± 2.1

12.4 ± 1.7

11.1 ± 2.1

10.2 ± 1.9

9.8 ± 1.8

Gender

 Male

68 (49.6)

12 (34.3)

17 (50.0)

19 (55.9)

20 (58.8)

 Female

69 (50.4)

23 (65.7)

17 (50.0)

15 (44.1)

14 (41.2)

Family income (10,000 won/month)a

  < 200

17 (12.8)

4 (11.4)

8 (24.2)

1 (2.9)

4 (12.9)

 200-399

47 (35.3)

14 (40.0)

11 (33.3)

14 (41.2)

8 (25.8)

 400-599

46 (34.6)

9 (25.7)

12 (36.4)

11 (32.4)

14 (45.2)

  > 600

23 (17.3)

8 (22.9)

2 (6.1)

8 (23.5)

5 (16.1)

Parent’s educationa

  ≤ High school

61 (44.9)

11(31.4)

19 (55.9)

11 (33.3)

20 (58.8)

 College/university

70 (51.5)

24 ()

13 (38.2)

19 (57.6)

14 (41.2)

 Graduate school

5 (3.7)

2 (5.9)

3 (9.1)

Father’s occupation

 Profession

50 (36.5)

10 (28.6)

12 (35.3)

13 (38.2)

15 (44.1)

 White collar/Service

45 (32.8)

15 (42.9)

8 (23.5)

10 (29.4)

12 (35.3)

 Blue collar

34 (24.8)

8 (22.9)

11 (32.4)

10 (29.4)

5 (14.7)

 Unemployed

8 (5.8)

2 (5.7)

3 (8.8)

1 (2.9)

2 (5.9)

Mother’s occupation

 Profession

24 (17.5)

6 (17.1)

3 (8.8)

10 (29.4)

5 (14.7)

 White collar/Service

39 (28.5)

10 (28.6)

8 (23.5)

9 (26.5)

12 (35.3)

 Blue collar

11 (8.0)

1 (2.9)

6 (17.6)

2 (5.9)

2 (5.9)

 Unemployed

63 (46.0)

18 (51.4)

17(50.0)

13 (38.2)

15 (44.1)

Frequency of tooth cleaning

  ≤ Once a day

3 (2.2)

1 (0.7)

2 (5.9)

 2-3 times/day

101 (73.7)

25 (71.4)

24 (17.5)

27 (79.4)

25 (73.5)

  > 4 times/day

33 (24.1)

10 (28.6)

9 (26.5)

5 (14.7)

9 (26.5)

Sugar-containing sweets intake

  < Once a day

23 (16.8)

5 (14.3)

5 (14.7)

7 (20.6)

6 (17.6)

 Once a day

71 (51.8)

18 (51.4)

22 (64.7)

16 (47.1)

15 (44.1)

 2-3 times/day

43 (31.4)

12 (34.3)

7 (20.6)

11 (32.4)

13 (38.2)

Dental treatment demand (1 year)

 Yes

80 (58.8)

20 (57.1)

21 (61.8)

17 (50.0)

22 (66.7)

 No

56 (41.2)

15 (42.9)

13 (38.2)

17 (50.0)

11 (33.3)

  1. aSome answers were missing