Table 3 Main characteristics of included studies
Author | Year | Sample size/Tooth type | Irrigants | Obturation technique | Test machine loading rate | Experimental group | Control group |
Lertchirakarn et al. [27] | 2002 | 20/Mandibular anterior teeth | EDTA and NaClO | Lateral condensation technique | 0.5Â mm/min | Gutta-percha/AH plus | Negative control |
Hegde et al. [11] | 2015 | 60/Mandibular premolars | EDTA and NaClO | Single-cone technique | 1Â mm/min | Gutta-percha/AH plus; Resilon/Epiphany | Negative control; Positive control |
Topçuoğlu et al. [12] | 2013 | 45/Mandibular premolars | EDTA and NaClO | Single-cone technique | 1 mm/min | Gutta-percha/AH plus | Negative control; Positive control |
Baba et al. [13] | 2010 | 60/Mandibular premolars | EDTA and NaClO | Lateral condensation technique | 1Â mm/min | Gutta-percha/AH plus; Resilon/Epiphany | Positive control |
Kumar et al. [15] | 2014 | 60/Mandibular premolars | EDTA and NaClO | Not reported | 1.25Â mm/min | Gutta-percha/AH plus; Resilon/Realseal | Positive control |
Jainaen et al. [14] | 2008 | 40/Mandibular premolars | EDTA and NaClO | Not reported | 1Â mm/min | Gutta-percha/AH plus; Resilon/Realseal | Negative control; Positive control |
Monteiro et al. [16] | 2011 | 60/Mandibular premolars | EDTA and NaClO | Lateral condensation technique | 1.25Â mm/min | Gutta-percha/AH plus; Resilon/Realseal | Positive control |
Elmakki et al. [23] | 2014 | 60/Mandibular premolars | EDTA and NaClO | Lateral condensation technique | 1Â mm/min | Gutta-percha/AH plus; Resilon/Epiphany | Negative control; Positive control |
Hammad et al. [24] | 2007 | 23/Single rooted teeth | EDTA and NaClO | Lateral condensation technique | 10Â mm/min | Resilon/Realseal | Negative control |
Nagpal et al. [28] | 2012 | 40/Mandibular premolars | EDTA and NaClO | Lateral condensation technique | 1Â mm/min | Gutta-percha/AH plus; Resilon/Epiphany | Negative control |
Langalia et al. [26] | 2015 | 36/Maxillary anterior teeth | EDTA and NaClO | Lateral condensation technique | 5Â mm/min | Gutta-percha/AH plus; Resilon/Realseal | Negative control |
Khan et al. [25] | 2015 | 60/Mandibular premolars | EDTA and NaClO | Lateral condensation technique | 1Â mm/min | Resilon/Epiphany | Positive control |
Dibajia et al. [22] | 2017 | 35/Mandibular premolars | EDTA and NaClO | Lateral condensation technique | 1Â mm/min | Gutta-percha/AH plus; Resilon/Epiphany | Negative control |
Sandikci et al. [29] | 2014 | 60/Mandibular anterior teeth | EDTA and NaClO | Lateral condensation technique | 1Â mm/min | Gutta-percha/AH plus; Resilon/Epiphany | Negative control; Positive control |