Table 4 Risk of bias considering parameters reported in the eligible studies
Study | Teeth randomization | Teeth free of caries or resorption | Standardization of root dimensions | Sample size calculation | Endodontic treatment performed by a single operator | Materials used according to the manufacturer’s instructions | Blinding of the examiner | Appropriate of statistical analyses | Risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lertchirakarn et al. [27] | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Medium |
Hegde et al. [11] | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Low |
Topçuoğlu et al. [12] | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Low |
Baba et al. [13] | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Medium |
Kumar et al. [15] | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Medium |
Jainaen et al. [14] | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Medium |
Monteiro et al. [16] | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Low |
Elmakki et al. [23] | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Low |
Hammad et al. [24] | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Medium |
Nagpal et al. [28] | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Medium |
Langalia et al. [26] | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Low |
Khan et al. [25] | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Low |
Dibaji et al. [22] | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Low |
Sandikci et al. [29] | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Low |