Table 4 Characteristics of the included studies
No. | Study | Â | Participants | Outcomes | Evaluated teeth | Indications | Intervention | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sun et al. (2012) [20] |  | n = 17 (M10,F7;23.7y) | TV | (31,32,41,42) | Skeletal Class III | Pre-operative decompensation | 7.6 m |
2 | Castro et al. (2013) [2] |  | n = 30 (M11,F19;13y) | TL | All teeth | Class I malocclusion with crowding | Straight-wire technique (Non-extraction) | 22 m |
3 | Ahn et al. (2013) [13] |  | n = 37 (F37;26.62 ± 8.46y) | RL | Maxillary/Mandibular anterior teeth | Class I dentoalveolar protrusion | Straight-wire technique | 1.8 ± 0.4 years |
4 | Wang et al. (2013) [21] | G1 | n = 26 (M17,F9; 23.5 ± 3.2) | RL | (31,32,41,42) | Surgical class III | Augmented corticotomy- assisted pre-surgical orthodontics | Unclear |
G2 | n = 30 (M14,F6; 24.8 ± 3.8) |  |  |  | Conventional procedures |  | ||
5 | Wang et al. (2014) [22] |  | n = 8 (M5,F3;unclear) | RL | (31,32,41,42) | Severe Class III | Augmented corticotomy- assisted pre-surgical orthodontics | Unclear |
6 | Qiao et al. (2014) [23] |  | n = 10 (M4,F6;20.6 y) | TL | (11,12,13,21,22,23) | Extraction of 1st premolars | Straight-wire technique | 12 m |
7 | Castro et al. (2015) [24] | G1 G2 | n = 6 (M2,F4;12.8 ± 1.8y) | TL | Posterior teeth with root-filled; Posterior teeth without root-filled | Permanent dentition Class I malocclusion with moderate dental crowding after RCT | Straight-wire technique | Unclear |
8 | Xu (2015) [25] |  | n = 18 (M8,F10;25y) | TL | (11,12,13,21,22,23) | Extraction of 1st premolars | Straight-wire technique | Unclear |
9 | Wang et al. (2015) [26] |  | n = 30 (M13,F17;22.32 ± 2.40y) | TV | (11,12,21,22,31,32, 41,42) | Skeletal Class III | Pre-operative decompensation | 9.5 m |
10 | Oliveira et al. (2016) [27] |  | n = 11 (M5,F6;18-26y) | TL | (11,12,21,22) | Extraction of maxillary first premolars and retraction of maxillary incisors | Edgewise | Unclear |
11 | Ni et al. (2016) [28] | G1 G2 | n = 16 (M6,F10; 20.3 ± 3.2y) | TL | (11,12,13,21,22,23) | Moderate crowding in anterior teeth with root-filled; Moderate crowding in anterior teeth without root-filled | Straight-wire technique | 18.3 ± 2.6 m |
12 | Zhang et al. (2016) [29] |  | n = 8 (M3,F5;13.25y) | TL;TV | (12,21) | Anterior cross-bite in earlypermanent dentition | Straight-wire technique | 12 m |