Fig. 1
From: Characterization of the apical bridge barrier formed following amelogenin apexification
Premolar teeth treated with RAP or CH at 1-month. a Apical area of a canal treated with CH after 1-month showing the nearly complete closure of the root apices. Dentin (D), apical bridge (AB) granulation tissue (GT) surrounds the closed apex. Root canal (RC). H & E stain. Original magnification, × 100. b Apical area of a canal treated with CH after 1 month showing the nearly closed apex and apical bridge (AB) and odontoblasts (od) that show mild immuno-reactivity to the Wnt 10b antibody. Immuno-reactivity is also found in the granulation tissue (GT) apical to and at a distance from the regenerated dentin. Root canal (RC). Wnt10b antibody. Original magnification, × 100. c Apical area of a premolar tooth treated with CH after 1 month showing apical bridge formation (AB) showing mild immuno-reactivity to the nestin antibody. Immuno-reactivity is also observed in the odontoblast s (od) and the granulation tissue (GT) apical to and at a distance from the regenerated dentin. Root canal (RC). Original magnification, × 100. d Apical area of a premolar tooth treated with RAP after 1 month showing apical bridging (AB). Lateral walls thickened by newly formed dentin (arrow) show an odontoblast cell layer (od). Granulation tissue (GT) surrounds the closed apex. Root canal (RC). H & E stain. Original magnification, × 100. e Apical root region of a premolar tooth treated with RAP after 1 month showing complete apical bridging (AB) that is immuno-reactive to wnt10b antibody. Odontoblast cells (od) also show immuno-reactivity to WNt10b. Immuno-reactivity is also observed in the granulation tissue (GT) apical to the regenerated dentin. Dentin (D), root canal (RC). Wnt10b antibody. Original magnification, × 100. f Apical root area of a tooth treated with RAP after 1 month showing an opened apex that is bridged by cell condensations forming the apical bridge (AB) that shows immuno-reactive to the nestin antibody. Dense immuno-reactivity is also observed in the odontoblast cell layer (od) and granulation tissue (GT) apical to the cellular condensation and completely surrounding the opened apex. Root canal (RC). Nestin antibody. Original magnification, × 100