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Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics of tobacco quitline callers in OH4L study by state of residence, n = 718

From: Factors associated with future dental care utilization among low-income smokers overdue for dental visits

 

Louisiana N = 527

N (%)

Nebraska N = 95

N (%)

Oregon N = 96

N (%)

Overall N = 718

N (%)

Age categories

18–44

237 (45.1)

45 (48.4)

53 (55.2)

335 (46.9)

45–64

271 (51.5)

45 (48.4)

35 (36.5)

351 (49.1)

65 or older

18 (3.4)

3 (3.2)

8 (8.3)

29 (4.1)

Cigarettes per day

10 or few

51 (9.7)

9 (9.5)

10 (10.5)

70 (9.8)

11 to 20

149 (28.4)

36 (37.9)

33 (34.7)

218 (30.5)

21 or more

324 (61.8)

50 (52.6)

52 (54.7)

426 (59.7)

Gender

Male

195 (37.1)

30 (31.6)

49 (51.0)

274 (38.2)

Female

331 (62.9)

65 (68.4)

47 (49.0)

443 (61.8)

Marital status

Single

303 (58.0)

54 (56.8)

57 (60.0)

414 (58.1)

Married or living as married

219 (42.0)

41 (43.2)

38 (40.0)

298 (41.9)

Hispanic/Latino

Not Hispanic or Latino

508 (97.3)

93 (97.9)

90 (94.7)

691 (97.1)

Hispanic or Latino

14 (2.7)

2 (2.1)

5 (5.3)

21 (2.9)

Race/ethnicity

White

260 (49.5)

80 (84.2)

77 (81.9)

417 (58.4)

Black

201 (38.3)

6 (6.3)

1 (1.1)

208 (29.1)

Other or multi-racial

64 (12.2)

9 (9.5)

16 (17.0)

89 (12.5)

Geographic classification

Rural

51 (9.7)

27 (28.4)

11 (11.5)

89 (12.4)

Suburban

140 (26.6)

22 (23.2)

26 (27.1)

188 (26.2)

Urban

336 (63.8)

46 (48.4)

59 (61.5)

441 (61.4)

Education

GED, HS Degree, or less

307 (59.3)

42 (44.2)

40 (42.6)

389 (55.0)

At least some college, technical, or trade school

211 (40.7)

53 (55.8)

54 (57.4)

318 (45.0)

Currently employed

Not employed

274 (52.1)

60 (63.2)

51 (53.1)

385 (53.7)

Employed

252 (47.9)

35 (36.8)

45 (46.9)

332 (46.3)

Living with a disability

No disability

387 (74.0)

57 (60.6)

68 (71.6)

512 (71.9)

Disability

136 (26.0)

37 (39.4)

27 (28.4)

200 (28.1)

Annual household income

Less than $20,000

310 (61.6)

69 (74.2)

51 (54.3)

430 (62.3)

More than $20,000

193 (38.4)

24 (25.8)

43 (45.7)

260 (37.7)

Dental insurance status

No dental insurance

390 (74.0)

43 (45.3)

50 (52.1)

483 (67.3)

Dental insurance

137 (26.0)

52 (54.7)

46 (47.9)

235 (32.7)

Last dental cleaning

Less than 1 year

65 (12.4)

13 (13.8)

16 (16.8)

94 (13.2)

Over 1 year ago or never

459 (87.6)

81 (86.2)

79 (83.2)

619 (86.8)

Perceived gum disease

No perceived gum disease

322 (61.1)

56 (58.9)

50 (52.1)

428 (59.6)

Perceived gum disease

205 (38.9)

39 (41.1)

46 (47.9)

290 (40.4)

Motivation to see dentist in next 6 months

Low motivation

88 (16.7)

21 (22.1)

25 (26.0)

134 (18.7)

High motivation

439 (83.3)

74 (77.9)

71 (74.0)

584 (81.3)

Self-efficacy to see dentist in next 6 months

Low self-efficacy

168 (31.9)

30 (31.6)

39 (40.6)

237 (33.0)

High self-efficacy

359 (68.1)

65 (68.4)

57 (59.4)

481 (67.0)

Dental insurance barrier

No such barrier

88 (16.8%)

42 (44.2%)

27 (28.1%)

157 (21.9%)

Dental insurance barrier

437 (83.2%)

53 (55.8%)

69 (71.9%)

559 (78.1%)

Cost barrier

No such barrier

74 (14.1%)

23 (24.5%)

20 (20.8%)

117 (16.3%)

Cost barrier

452 (85.9%)

71 (75.5%)

76 (79.2%)

599 (83.7%)

Psychological barriersa

No such barriers

247 (46.9)

35 (36.8)

46 (47.9)

328 (45.7)

Psychological barriers

280 (53.1)

60 (63.2)

50 (52.1)

390 (54.3)

Prioritization barriersa

No such barriers

128 (24.3%)

19 (20.0%)

29 (30.2%)

176 (24.5%)

Prioritization barriers

399 (75.7%)

76 (80.0%)

67 (69.8%)

542 (75.5%)

Access barriersa

No such barriers

349 (66.2%)

66 (69.5%)

66 (68.8%)

481 (67.0%)

Access barriers

178 (33.8%)

29 (30.5%)

30 (31.2%)

237 (33.0%)

  1. Missing values: Age (3); Cigarettes per day (4); Gender (1); Marital status (6); Hispanic/Latino (6); Race/ethnicity (4); Education (11); Currently employed (1); Living with a disability (6); Annual household income (28); Last dental cleaning (5)
  2. aFor our analysis and for ease of interpretation, we grouped similar barriers into the following categories: access (unable to find a dentist, too difficult to get to the clinic), psychological (fear or nervousness, dislike going to the dentist), and prioritization (mean to go but put it off, other health concerns are more important, have no problems with teeth or gums, don’t have time, do not think of it)