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Table 2 The relationship between frequency of food intake and obesity status

From: Caries-related risk factors of obesity among 18-year-old adolescents in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study

Variable

n (%)

BMI

WC

WHR

WHtR

TRSKF

Underweight + normal weight

n (%)

Overweight + Obese

n (%)

≤median

n (%)

>median

n (%)

≤median

n (%)

>median

n (%)

≤median

n (%)

>median

n (%)

≤median

n (%)

>median

n (%)

Grains

  

P = 0.388

 

P = 1.000

 

P = 0.721

 

P = 0.721

 

P = 0.666

 Less than once a day

45 (11.8%)

40 (88.9%)

5 (11.1%)

22 (50.0%)

22 (50.0%)

21 (47.7%)

23 (52.3%)

21 (47.7%)

23 (52.3%)

21 (47.7%)

23 (52.3%)

 At least once a day

336 (88.2%)

282 (83.9%)

54 (16.1%)

168 (50.0%)

168 (50.0%)

170 (50.6%)

166 (49.4%)

170 (50.6%)

166 (49.4%)

172 (51.2%)

164 (48.8%)

Vegetables

  

P = 0.566

 

P = 0.728

 

P = 0.521

 

P = 0.521

 

P = 0.870

 Less than once a day

102 (26.8%)

88 (86.3%)

14 (13.7%)

52 (51.5%)

49 (48.5%)

48 (47.5%)

53 (52.5%)

48 (47.5%)

53 (52.5%)

52 (51.5%)

49 (48.5%)

 At least once a day

279 (73.2%)

234 (83.9%)

45 (16.1%)

138 (49.5%)

141 (50.5%)

143 (51.3%)

136 (48.7%)

143 (51.3%)

136 (48.7%)

141 (50.5%)

138 (49.5%)

Fruits

  

P = 0.327

 

P = 1.000

 

P = 0.565

 

P = 0.720

 

P = 0.995

 Less than once a day

250 (65.6%)

208 (83.2%)

42 (16.8%)

125 (50.0%)

125 (50.0%)

123 (49.2%)

127 (50.8%)

124 (49.6%)

126 (50.4%)

127 (50.8%)

123 (49.2%)

 At least once a day

131 (34.4%)

114 (87.0%)

17 (13.0%)

65 (50.0%)

65 (50.0%)

68 (52.3%)

62 (47.7%)

67 (51.5%)

63 (48.5%)

66 (50.8%)

64 (49.2%)

Milk

  

P = 0.616

 

P = 0.778

 

P = 0.745

 

P = 0.604

 

P = 0.678

 Less than once a day

321 (84.3%)

270 (84.1%)

51 (15.9%)

159 (49.7%)

161 (50.3%)

162 (50.6%)

158 (49.4%)

159 (49.7%)

161 (50.3%)

164 (51.3%)

156 (48.8%)

 At least once a day

60 (15.7%)

52 (86.7%)

8 (13.3%)

31 (51.7%)

29 (48.3%)

29 (48.3%)

31 (51.7%)

32 (53.3%)

28 (46.7%)

29 (48.3%)

31 (51.7%)

Meat

  

P = 0.041*

 

P = 0.241

 

P = 0.040*

 

P = 0.380

 

P = 0.774

 Less than once a day

99 (26.0%)

90 (90.9%)

9 (9.1%)

54 (55.1%)

44 (44.9%)

58 (59.2%)

40 (40.8%)

53 (54.1%)

45 (45.9%)

51 (52.0%)

47 (48.0%)

 At least once a day

282 (74.0%)

232 (82.3%)

50 (17.7%)

136 (48.2%)

146 (51.8%)

133 (47.2%)

149 (52.8%)

138 (48.9%)

144 (51.1%)

142 (50.4%)

140 (49.6%)

Oil

  

P = 0.508

 

P = 0.918

 

P = 0.688

 

P = 0.543

 

P = 0.655

 Less than once a day

170 (44.6%)

146 (85.9%)

24 (14.1%)

84 (49.7%)

85 (50.3%)

83 (49.1%)

86 (50.9%)

82 (48.5%)

87 (51.5%)

88 (52.1%)

81 (47.9%)

 At least once a day

211 (55.4%)

176 (83.4%)

35 (16.6%)

106 (50.2%)

105 (49.8%)

108 (51.2%)

103 (48.8%)

109 (51.7%)

102 (48.3%)

105 (49.8%)

106 (50.2%)

Sweet

  

P = 0.853

 

P = 0.819

 

P = 0.328

 

P = 0.770

 

P = 0.790

 Less than once a day

275 (72.2%)

233 (84.7%)

42 (15.3%)

138 (50.4%)

136 (49.6%)

142 (51.8%)

132 (48.2%)

139 (50.7%)

135 (49.3%)

138 (50.4%)

136 (49.6%)

 At least once a day

106 (27.8%)

89 (84.0%)

17 (16.0%)

52 (49.1%)

54 (50.4%)

49 (46.2%)

57 (53.8%)

52 (49.1%)

54 (50.9%)

55 (51.9%)

51 (48.1%)

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-hip ratio, WHtR waist-height ratio, TRSKF triceps skinfold thickness
  2. BMI was classified into underweight/normal weight group vs overweight/obese group; WC, WHR, WHtR, and TRSKF were dichotomized by the median values
  3. P: *P < 0.05
  4. P values were calculated by Chi-square test