Percent applicable (%) | Odds ratio | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Nose breathing group | Mouth breathing group | |||
Medical history | Asthma (before age 16) | 4.1 | 28.6 | 9.33a |
Asthma (age 16 or older) | 2.7 | 10.7 | 4.26 | |
Allergic rhinitis | 4.1 | 10.7 | 2.80 | |
Atopy (allergies) | 2.7 | 7.1 | 2.73 | |
History of smoking | 28.8 | 35.7 | 1.38 | |
Orofacial development | Open mouth at rest | 1.4 | 21.4 | 19.64a |
Tongue thrust during swallowing | 4.1 | 42.9 | 17.50a | |
Maxillary protrusion | 2.7 | 28.6 | 14.20a | |
Increased chin muscle tonus | 1.4 | 14.3 | 12.00a | |
Mandibular protrusion | 4.1 | 17.9 | 5.07a | |
Crowding | 23.3 | 28.6 | 1.32 | |
Edge-to-edge bite | 6.8 | 3.6 | 0.5 | |
Excessive overbite | 1.4 | 0 | 0 | |
Underbite | 0 | 3.6 | – | |
Open bite | 0 | 7.1 | – |