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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with caries

From: Diet and lifestyle habits associated with caries in deciduous teeth among 3- to 5-year-old preschool children in Jiangxi province, China

Variables

Categories

Frequency (%)

dmft (Mean ± SD)

Prevalence (%)

Univariate analysisa

Multivariate analysisb

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

Diet habits

 Breastfeeding

Exclusively breastfed

36.35

2.71 ± 3.808

54.25

1

 

1

 

Predominantly breastfed

17.05

2.27 ± 3.524

48.68

0.948

0.795–1.132

0.770

0.616–0.961*

Mixed feeding (50/50)

17.12

1.82 ± 3.016

44.02

0.786

0.658–0.939**

0.676

0.542–0.844***

Exclusively formula-fed

20.14

2.08 ± 3.409

45.52

0.835

0.709–0.984*

0.687

0.557–0.847***

Predominantly formula-fed

9.34

2.40 ± 3.608

47.21

0.894

0.704–1.136

0.746

0.566–0.983*

 Frequency of sugary snack intake

Seldom / never

38.85

1.95 ± 3.287

44.68

1

 

1

 

One time a week

12.95

1.89 ± 3.271

45.58

0.837

0.683–1.027

1.072

0.839–1.371

2–6 times a week

20.17

2.39 ± 3.499

51.46

1.060

0.901–1.248

1.222

0.987–1.513

One time a day

17.53

2.83 ± 3.888

54.06

1.177

0.988–1.402

1.320

1.051–1.657*

≥2 times a day

10.49

3.27 ± 4.017

57.28

1.341

1.068–1.685*

1.411

1.057–1.883*

 Frequency of sugary drink intake

Seldom / never

73.96

2.18 ± 3.415

48.22

1

 

1

 

One time a week

9.31

2.53 ± 3.988

45.90

0.848

0.667–1.079

0.876

0.669–1.147

2–6 times a week

7.92

3.03 ± 3.951

57.89

1.375

1.057–1.788*

1.232

0.917–1.655

One time a day

5.73

2.66 ± 3.741

52.73

1.115

0.822–1.514

0.955

0.679–1.343

≥2 times a day

3.09

2.80 ± 3.590

51.69

1.070

0.706–1.621

0.834

0.518–1.342

 Frequency of sugary milk/yogurt intake

Seldom / never

34.65

2.32 ± 3.497

48.70

1

 

1

 

One time a week

7.40

1.98 ± 3.388

44.13

0.790

0.603–1.035

0.803

0.589–1.096

2–6 times a week

15.56

2.48 ± 3.727

50.45

1.018

0.846–1.225

0.930

0.736–1.175

One time a day

30.97

2.21 ± 3.423

49.22

0.969

0.850–1.105

0.911

0.753–1.103

≥2 times a day

11.42

2.67 ± 3.864

51.67

1.069

0.861–1.327

0.942

0.721–1.230

 Frequency of snacking before sleep

Never

39.34

1.94 ± 3.173

45.01

1

 

1

 

Occasionally

50.31

2.39 ± 3.603

50.10

1.004

0.906–1.113

1.213

1.027–1.434*

Often

10.35

3.46 ± 4.309

60.07

1.504

1.193–1.897***

1.730

1.315–2.277***

Lifestyle habits

 Residence

Urban

49.58

1.79 ± 3.032

42.37

1

 

1

 

Rural

50.42

2.86 ± 3.922

55.79

1.262

1.138–1.399***

1.653

1.418–1.928***

 Age at starting to brush

Before or within first year

5.38

1.82 ± 2.957

42.58

1

 

1

 

2nd year

21.84

1.96 ± 3.274

44.99

0.818

0.699–0.957*

0.895

0.629–1.273

3rd year

31.84

2.64 ± 3.777

52.56

1.108

0.973–1.261

1.155

0.818–1.632

4th year

11.18

3.07 ± 3.904

61.49

1.597

1.276–1.999***

1.613

1.084–2.399*

5th year

2.12

2.98 ± 4.002

47.54

0.906

0.548–1.498

0.923

0.502–1.696

Never/not sure

27.64

2.00 ± 3.320

44.85

0.813

0.707–0.935**

0.752

0.534–1.058

 Tooth brushing frequency

Occasionally or never

27.01

1.95 ± 3.251

44.34

1

 

1

 

Often, but not every day

2.12

1.64 ± 2.881

42.62

0.743

0.447–1.234

0.606

0.307–1.200

One time a day

49.38

2.48 ± 3.619

52.18

1.091

0.983–1.211

1.009

0.661–1.540

≥2 times a day

21.49

2.52 ± 3.763

48.79

0.953

0.814–1.115

1.008

0.665–1.527

 Fluoride toothpaste use

Yes

10.38

2.45 ± 3.490

52.51

1

 

1

 

No

89.62

2.31 ± 3.556

48.74

0.951

0.880–1.027

0.803

0.626–1.031

 Parent-assisted brushing

Never

58.19

2.61 ± 3.598

49.76

1

 

1

 

Occasionally

32.53

2.47 ± 3.779

48.77

0.952

0.838–1.082

0.837

0.685–1.023

Weekly

0.66

2.16 ± 3.060

57.89

1.375

0.553–3.418

1.368

0.529–3.538

Daily

8.61

1.96 ± 3.287

45.56

0.837

0.652–1.075

0.739

0.549–0.994*

  1. aUnivariate logistic regression was used to study the association between single independent variables and caries
  2. bMultivariate logistic regression analysis was used to consider the association between all variables and caries
  3. *P < 0.05
  4. **P < 0.01
  5. ***P < 0.001