Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants and 1-year caries incidence in the CF group and all children
From: Risk factors of early childhood caries (ECC) among children in Beijing - a prospective cohort study
Variables | CF group | P | All participants | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without new caries N (%) | With new caries N (%) | Without new caries N (%) | With new caries N (%) | |||
Age (months) at baseline | 45.8 ± 5.5 | 45.7 ± 6.1 | 0.96 | 45.8 ± 5.4 | 46.7 ± 5.5 | 0.68 |
Gender | 0.91 | 0.75 | ||||
Male | 110 (49.3) | 67 (48.6) | 138 (51.9) | 216 (53.3) | ||
Female | 113 (50.7) | 71 (51.4) | 128 (48.1) | 189 (46.7) | ||
Person filling out the questionnaire | 0.63 | 0.80 | ||||
Father | 52 (24.1) | 29 (21.3) | 61 (23.6) | 99 (25.3) | ||
Mother | 142 (65.7) | 93 (68.4) | 170 (65.6) | 249 (63.7) | ||
Grandfather/Grandmother | 20 (9.3) | 14 (10.3) | 26 (10.0) | 38 (9.7) | ||
Other (relative/nanny) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.8) | 5 (1.3) | ||
Using nursing bottle or not at present | 0.22 | 0.01* | ||||
Yes | 60 (27.8) | 30 (21.9) | 68 (26.3) | 72 (18.4) | ||
No | 156 (72.2) | 107 (78.1) | 191 (73.7) | 32 (81.6) | ||
Contents of nursing bottle | 0.11 | 0.11 | ||||
Water or milk | 77 (96.3) | 59 (84.3) | 90 (49.2) | 162 (54.5) | ||
Sugared beverages | 3 (3.7) | 11 (15.7) | 93 (50.8) | 135 (45.5) | ||
Sleeping with nursing bottle | 0.59 | 0.58 | ||||
Always | 2 (4.1) | 0 (1.5) | 2 (1.5) | 7 (3.6) | ||
Sometimes | 15 (12.3) | 6 (11.3) | 17 (12.8) | 25 (12.9) | ||
Rarely or never | 197 (83.6) | 127 (87.2) | 114 (85.7) | 162 (83.5) | ||
Frequency of snack consumption | 0.29 | 0.04* | ||||
Never or seldom | 21 (9.7) | 6 (4.4) | 24 (9.3) | 19 (4.9) | ||
Sometimes (< 1 Times/Day) | 55 (25.4) | 30 (21.9) | 69 (26.6) | 88 (22.6) | ||
1–2 Times/Day | 106 (49.1) | 73 (53.3) | 123 (47.5) | 188 (48.3) | ||
3–4 Times/Day | 30 (13.9) | 25 (18.2) | 37 (14.3) | 80 (20.6) | ||
≥ 5 Times/Day | 4 (1.9) | 3 (2.2) | 6 (2.3) | 14 (3.6) | ||
Rinsing or brushing teeth after snacks | 0.71 | 0.59 | ||||
Always | 60 (27.8) | 38 (27.7) | 74 (28.6) | 104 (26.7) | ||
Sometimes | 95 (44.0) | 66 (48.2) | 114 (44.0) | 181 (46.5) | ||
Never or seldom | 61 (28.2) | 33 (24.1) | 71 (27.4) | 104 (26.7) | ||
Sleeping without brushing after snacks | 0.27 | 0.66 | ||||
Always | 15 (6.9) | 5 (3.7) | 16 (6.2) | 18 (4.6) | ||
Sometimes | 54 (25.0) | 29 (21.3) | 64 (24.7) | 91 (23.5) | ||
Never or seldom | 147 (68.1) | 102 (75.0) | 179 (69.1) | 279 (71.9) | ||
Frequency of tooth brushing | 0.62 | 0.01* | ||||
Twice daily | 89 (41.2) | 53 (39.6) | 109 (42.1) | 179 (46.3) | ||
Once daily | 88 (40.8) | 63 (47.0) | 102 (39.4) | 168 (43.4) | ||
Less than once daily | 35 (16.2) | 16 (11.9) | 43 (16.6) | 36 (9.3) | ||
Never | 4 (1.9) | 2 (1.5) | 5 (1.9) | 4 (1.0) | ||
Guardians helping with the brushing | 0.63 | 0.62 | ||||
Everyday | 50 (23.3) | 33 (24.3) | 60 (23.3) | 106 (27.3) | ||
Sometimes | 76 (35.3) | 52 (38.2) | 91 (35.3) | 138 (35.6) | ||
No or never brushing | 89 (41.4) | 51 (37.5) | 107 (41.4) | 144 (37.1) | ||
Toothpaste containing fluoride | 0.32 | 0.03* | ||||
Yes | 77 (36.0) | 38 (28.8) | 94 (36.9) | 137 (35.7) | ||
No | 65 (30.3) | 47 (35.6) | 77 (30.2) | 127 (33.2) | ||
Not sure | 53 (24.8) | 39 (29.5) | 60 (23.5) | 104 (27.2) | ||
Not having used toothpaste | 19 (8.9) | 8 (6.1) | 24 (9.4) | 15 (3.9) | ||
Dental visit history | 0.41 | < 0.001** | ||||
Yes | 63 (29.3) | 46 (33.8) | 91 (35.3) | 238 (61.5) | ||
No | 152 (70.7) | 90 (66.2) | 167 (64.7) | 149 (38.5) | ||
Education level of person filling out the questionnaire | 0.38 | 0.82 | ||||
Junior high school | 5 (2.4) | 4 (3.0) | 5 (1.9) | 9 (2.3) | ||
Senior high school | 40 (18.6) | 36 (26.4) | 58 (22.4) | 103 (26.6) | ||
College and above | 171 (79.0) | 96 (70.6) | 196 (75.7) | 149 (71.1) | ||
MS score of plaque | 0.01* | < 0.001** | ||||
0/1 (CFU < 105) | 153 (68.6) | 78 (56.5) | 228 (85.7) | 273 (68.2) | ||
2/3 (CFU > 105) | 70 (31.4) | 60 (43.5) | 28 (14.3) | 127 (31.8) | ||
MS score of saliva | 0.28 | < 0.001** | ||||
0/1 (CFU < 105) | 202 (90.6) | 120 (87.0) | 163 (61.2) | 144 (36.0) | ||
2/3 (CFU > 105) | 21 (9.4) | 18 (13.0) | 103 (38.8) | 256 (64.0) | ||
Caries experience at baseline | < 0.001** | |||||
Yes | 43 (16.2) | 267 (65.9) | ||||
No | 223 (83.8) | 138 (34.1) | ||||