Table 1 Basic attributes of the study subjects
All subjects (n = 3134) | Males (n = 1591) | Females (n = 1543) | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y | 71.0 (68.0, 75.0) | 71.0 (68.0, 76.0) | 71.0 (68.0, 75.0) | 0.308 |
Education ≤ junior high school, % | 883 (28.4) | 410 (26.0) | 473 (30.9) | 0.002 |
Serum albumin, g/dL | 4.6 (4.4, 4.8) | 4.6 (4.4, 4.7) | 4.6 (4.4, 4.8) | 0.003 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.9 (20.9, 24.8) | 23.0 (21.1, 24.8) | 22.6 (20.8, 24.7) | 0.033 |
Number of teeth | 21.0 (9.0, 26.0) | 21.0 (9.0, 26.0) | 21.0 (9.0, 26.0) | 0.341 |
Eichner class of functional teeth, % | ||||
A | 2734 (87.2) | 1389 (87.3) | 1345 (87.2) | 0.455 |
B | 390 (12.4) | 195 (12.3) | 195 (12.6) | |
C | 10 (0.3) | 7 (0.4) | 3 (0.2) | |
Occlusal contact area, mm2 | 9.1 (4.3, 16.9) | 10.5 (5.1, 18.9) | 8.1 (3.8, 14.8) | < 0.001 |
Maximum occlusal force, N | 302.7 (135.1, 542.8) | 345.3 (160.1, 604.7) | 262.3 (119.3, 479.6) | < 0.001 |
Foods reported to be masticable, % | ||||
Group 1 (0.53 kg needed to shear) | 3113 (99.3) | 1581 (99.4) | 1532 (99.3) | 0.831 |
Group 2 (1.22 kg needed to shear) | 3122 (99.6) | 1584 (99.6) | 1538 (99.7) | 0.528 |
Group 3 (2.93 kg needed to shear) | 2925 (93.3) | 1485 (93.3) | 1440 (93.3) | 0.703 |
Group 4 (4.38 kg needed to shear) | 2837 (90.5) | 1442 (90.6) | 1395 (90.4) | 0.488 |
Group 5 (6.56 needed to shear) | 2529(80.7) | 1287 (80.9) | 1242 (80.5) | 0.808 |
All five food groups were masticable, % | 2484 (79.3) | 1269 (79.8) | 1215 (78.7) | 0.279 |
Alcohol consumption at least once per week, % | 1232 (39.3) | 1000 (62.9) | 232 (15.0) | < 0.001 |
Smoking status | ||||
Current smoker, % | 326 (10.4) | 288 (18.1) | 38 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
Ex-smoker, % | 1020 (32.5) | 959 (60.3) | 61 (4.0) | |
Never smoked, % | 1788 (57.1) | 344 (21.6) | 1444 (93.6) | |
Grip strength, kg | 28.1 (22.7, 35.8) | 35.7 (31.4, 39.7) | 22.8 (20.1, 25.5) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, % | 2222 (70.9) | 1170 (73.5) | 1052 (68.2) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia, % | 1867 (59.6) | 888 (55.8) | 979 (63.4) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes, % | 495 (15.8) | 320 (20.1) | 175 (11.3) | < 0.001 |
Cancer, % | 293 (9.3) | 186 (11.7) | 107 (6.9) | < 0.001 |
Myocardial infarction, % | 80 (2.6) | 57 (3.6) | 23 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
Cerebral infarction, % | 183 (5.8) | 108 (6.8) | 75 (4.9) | 0.022 |
eGFR< 60, % | 779 (24.9) | 443 (27.8) | 336 (21.8) | < 0.001 |