From: Oral problems and associated risk indicators in adults in the Russian Federation, India, and China
Socioeconomic and demographic, nutritional and behavioral variables and systemic diseases | Russian Federation | India | China | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | N = 3692 | % | N = 10,914 | % | N = 13,827 | |
Socioeconomic and demographic variables | ||||||
 Education | ||||||
  Completed higher secondary and above | 38.9 | 3215 | 7.9 | 2539 | 6.1 | 3967 |
  Completed up to secondary | 12.0 | 477 | 12.5 | 8375 | 10.6 | 9783 |
 Ethnic group | ||||||
  Russian | 36.2 | 2910 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
  SC and ST | NA | NA | 10.0 | 2809 | NA | NA |
  Han | NA | NA | NA | NA | 9.4 | 13,640 |
  Other | 36.1 | 574 | 11.9 | 8062 | 1.8 | 156 |
 Religiona | ||||||
  Main | 37.4 | 2692 | 11.1 | 1725 | 9.1 | 818 |
  Other | 30.3 | 1000 | 12.9 | 9189 | 11.2 | 12,921 |
 Wealth quintile | ||||||
  Poorest | 28.8 | 460 | 13.0 | 2399 | 11.0 | 1381 |
  Poorer | 30.8 | 464 | 10.1 | 2328 | 7.6 | 2268 |
  Middle | 21.3 | 509 | 12.8 | 2203 | 6.2 | 2575 |
  Richer | 32.5 | 927 | 11.5 | 1926 | 13.3 | 3248 |
  Richest | 46.8 | 1328 | 9.3 | 2058 | 8.4 | 4308 |
 Place of residence | ||||||
  Rural | 19.8 | 707 | 11.8 | 8154 | 13.1 | 7268 |
  Urban | 39.2 | 2985 | 10.2 | 2760 | 5.0 | 6559 |
 Age of adult in years | ||||||
  18–44 | 48.7 | 1776 | 8.2 | 6814 | 5.0 | 6800 |
  45–59 | 28.4 | 1104 | 13.5 | 2737 | 12.4 | 4961 |
   ≥ 60 | 16.1 | 812 | 23.1 | 1364 | 16.0 | 1970 |
 Sex of adult | ||||||
  Male | 33.2 | 1671 | 10.2 | 5594 | 9.3 | 7140 |
  Female | 37.3 | 2021 | 12.6 | 5320 | 9.2 | 6619 |
Nutritional and behavioral variables | ||||||
 Body mass index | ||||||
  ≥ 25.5 | 33.8 | 2108 | 10.6 | 1274 | 9.2 | 4420 |
  < 25.5 | 37.7 | 1584 | 11.5 | 9640 | 9.3 | 9407 |
 Currently smoking | ||||||
  No | 29.5 | 976 | 11.3 | 6250 | 9.2 | 9297 |
  Yes | 37.6 | 2716 | 11.6 | 4664 | 9.3 | 4530 |
 Currently using alcohol | ||||||
  No | 23.8 | 1708 | 11.4 | 9946 | 8.5 | 10,159 |
  Yes | 45.4 | 1984 | 11.0 | 968 | 11.4 | 3668 |
Systemic diseases | ||||||
 Diabetes | ||||||
  No | 36.0 | 3562 | 11.2 | 10,569 | 9.2 | 13,400 |
  Yes | 19.1 | 130 | 18.4 | 345 | 11.9 | 392 |
 Hypertension | ||||||
  No | 38.3 | 2701 | 11.0 | 9886 | 8.9 | 12,148 |
  Yes | 27.7 | 991 | 15.4 | 1028 | 12.7 | 1553 |
 Angina pectoris/Angina | ||||||
  No | 36.9 | 3095 | 11.2 | 10,576 | 9.0 | 13,274 |
  Yes | 27.9 | 597 | 18.7 | 338 | 17.4 | 516 |
Total | 35.4 | 3692 | 11.4 | 10,914 | 9.3 | 13,827 |