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Table 2 Results of multivariable binary logistic regression showing the risk of oral problems in adults, The Russian Federation, India and China

From: Oral problems and associated risk indicators in adults in the Russian Federation, India, and China

Demographic, nutritional and behavioral variables and systemic diseases

The Russian Federation

India

China

N = 3666

N = 10,871

N = 13,326

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

Demographic variables

 Age of adult in years

  18–44

Ref

Ref

Ref

  45–59

0.89 (0.66–1.19)

1.72a (1.48–2.00)

2.34a (1.71–3.20)

  ≥ 60

0.75 (0.55–1.03)

2.94a (2.54–3.40)

4.25a (3.11–5.81)

 Sex of adult

  Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Female

1.64a (1.36–1.98)

1.27a (1.10–1.46)

1.23a (1.08–1.40)

Nutritional and behavioral variables

 Body mass index

  ≥ 25

Ref

Ref

Ref

  < 25

0.98 (0.82–1.18)

1.12 (0.95–1.35)

1.31a (1.16–1.48)

 Currently smoking

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Yes

1.09 (0.88–1.37)

1.07 (0.95–1.21)

1.11 (0.96–1.29)

 Currently using alcohol

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Yes

1.85a (1.56–2.19)

0.85 (0.67–1.08)

1.18a (1.03–1.36)

Systemic diseases

 Diabetes

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Yes

1.18 (0.90–1.54)

1.29a (1.04–1.63)

1.14 (0.92–1.42)

 Hypertension

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Yes

1.31a (1.11–1.56)

1.28a (1.10–1.49)

1.12 (0.98–1.27)

 Angina pectoris/Angina

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Yes

1.24a (1.04–1.49)

1.47a (1.15–1.87)

1.01 (0.83–1.23)

  1. Regression model is adjusted for all socioeconomic and demographic, nutritional and behavioral variables and systemic diseases, but results are not shown for socioeconomic variables due to insignificant findings
  2. Abbreviation: AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, Ref reference category
  3. asignificant at 5% level