Table 1 Adapted from Smack et al. [3]
Classification | Main demographic | Familial patterns | Common Sites | Serum Electrolyte Level | Clinical Presentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary Normophosphatemic TC | - Onset before 2nd decade (63%) - Mostly involve patients in tropical or subtropical regions - No sexual predilection | - Nil familial pattern | - Hip (31%) - Elbow (24%) - Knee (16%) | - Normal serum phosphate - Normal serum calcium | - Solitary calcification predominates (66%) - History of trauma - Milky fluid of calcification on incision are common |
Primary Hyperphosphatemic TC | - Onset before 2nd decade (82%) - No sexual predilection - Higher frequency in blacks and men | - Strong familial pattern - Most patients are siblings (74%) | - Hip (37%) - Elbow (27%) - Shoulder (23%) | - Elevated serum phosphate - Elevated serum calcium | - Multiple calcifications predominate (74%) - Milky fluid of calcification on incision in all cases reviewed |
Secondary TC | - Onset before 2nd decade (51%) - Higher frequency in whites and women - Chronic renal failure is the most common identifiable condition | - Some familial pattern | - Hip (29%) - Elbow (24%) - Shoulder (17%) | - Elevated serum calcium | - Multiple calcifications predominate (80%) - Milky fluid of calcification on incision in all cases reviewed |