In vivo effectiveness and safety of probiotics on prophylaxis and treatment of oral candidiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lijun Hu; Mimi Zhou; Andrew Young; Weiwei Zhao; Zhimin Yan

doi:10.1186/s12903-019-0841-2

Table 3 Characteristics of the included animal model experiments

From: In vivo effectiveness and safety of probiotics on prophylaxis and treatment of oral candidiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author and publication year	Strain	Gender	Age (week)	Sample sizes	Method of candida infection	Probiotic species	Method of drug administration	Intervention time	Control group	Outcome indicators
Matsubara et al., 2012 [33]	DBA/2	Male	6–8	152	–	The combination of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus	0.2 ml suspension (10⁹ probiotics)	Start 2 weeks before Candida inoculation, qd, 27d	Blank control	Candida counts
Matsubara et al., 2012 [33]	DBA/2	Male	6–8	152	–	The combination of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus	0.2 ml suspension (10⁹ probiotics)	Start 2 weeks before Candida inoculation, qd, 27d	Nystatin	Candida counts
Ishijima et al., 2012 [34]	ICR	Female	6	55	Candida cotton swab to wipe oral mucosa	S. salivarius K12	0.05 ml suspension	24 h, 3 h before Candida inoculation, 3 h, 24 h, 27 h after Candida inoculation	Blank control	Candida counts, Oral infection score, Histology
Ishijima et al., 2012 [34]	ICR	Female	6	55	Candida cotton swab to wipe oral mucosa	S. salivarius K12	0.05 ml suspension		Fluconazole	Candida counts, Oral infection score, Histology
Elahi et al., 2005 [35]	DBA/2, BALB/c (Test data not published)	Male	6–8	25	Candida cotton swab to wipe oral mucosa	The combination of L. acidophilus and L. fermentum	0.2 ml suspension (10⁹ probiotics)	Start 2 weeks before Candida inoculation, qd, 28d	Blank control	Candida counts, IL-4, IL-12, IFN-γ, NO
Ishijima et al., 2014 [36]	ICR	Female	6	73	Candida cotton swab to wipe oral mucosa	E. faecalis	0.05 ml suspension	24 h, 3 h before Candida inoculation, 3 h, 24 h, 27 h after Candida inoculation	Blank control	Candida counts, Oral infection score, Histology
Ishijima et al., 2014 [36]	ICR	Female	6	73	Candida cotton swab to wipe oral mucosa	E. faecalis	0.05 ml suspension		Fluconazole	Candida counts, Oral infection score, Histology
Leao et al., 2018 [37]	Wistar mice (immunosupp-ressed by intraperitoneal injection with dexamethasone (65 mg/kg))	Male	11–12	90	Candida cotton swab was left for 80 min under the tongue	L. rhamnosus	100 μL suspension (10 ⁹ cells/mL)	2 weeks before Candida inoculation; Probiotics intake when Candida inoculation	Blank control	Candida counts, Inflammatory infiltrate score, The cytokines levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and INF-γ)

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